土地利用类型和水热条件影响喀斯特地区土壤无机磷和生物有效磷组分的特征

杨 倩<sup>1</sup>; 张 伟<sup>2; 4</sup>; 梁月明<sup>3</sup>; 王克林<sup>2; 4</sup>; 胡培雷<sup>2; 4</sup>; 潘复静<sup>1*</sup>

引用本文:	杨倩, 张伟, 梁月明, 王克林, 胡培雷, 潘复静.土地利用类型和水热条件影响喀斯特地区土壤无机磷和生物有效磷组分的特征[J].广西植物,2025,45(6):1006-1018.[点击复制]
	YANG Qian, ZHANG Wei, LIANG Yueming, WANG Kelin, HU Peilei, PAN Fujing.Characteristics of soil inorganic phosphorus and bioavailable phosphorus fractions in karst ecosystems, influenced by land use types and hydrothermal conditions[J].Guihaia,2025,45(6):1006-1018.[点击复制]

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土地利用类型和水热条件影响喀斯特地区土壤无机磷和生物有效磷组分的特征
杨倩¹, 张伟^2,4, 梁月明³, 王克林^2,4, 胡培雷^2,4, 潘复静^1*
1. 桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院, 广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室, 广西桂林 541006;2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所, 长沙 410125;3. 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 自然资源部岩溶动力学重点实验室, 广西桂林 541000;4. 河池环江农田生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西环江 547100

摘要:

为了解喀斯特地区土地利用类型和水热条件影响土壤无机磷和生物有效磷组分的特征,该研究分析比较了低水热地区重庆南川区、贵州独山县和绥阳县以及高水热地区广西环江县、马山县/武鸣区和龙州县的喀斯特地区耕地、人工林和天然林土壤无机磷和生物有效磷组分的变化特征。采用单因素方差分析、双因素方差分析和相关性分析方法,探讨土地利用类型和水热条件影响下土壤无机磷组分和生物有效磷组分的差异特征以及两者之间的关系,并采用冗余分析方法探究影响土壤生物有效磷组分的关键无机磷组分。结果表明:(1)土壤无机磷组分受土地利用类型显著影响,耕地土壤中磷酸二钙(Ca₂-P)、磷酸八钙(Ca₈-P)、铝结合态磷(Al-P)、铁结合态磷(Fe-P)、闭蓄态磷(O-P)和磷酸十钙(Ca₁₀-P)的含量均高于人工林和天然林土壤。Ca₈-P、Fe-P和O-P的含量表现为耕地>人工林>天然林,Ca₂-P和盐酸磷(HCl-P)的含量则表现为耕地>天然林>人工林。(2)在高水热地区,天然林土壤Ca₁₀-P和O-P的含量显著高于低水热地区,人工林和天然林土壤的酶提取磷(Enzyme-P)含量高于低水热地区。(3)土壤无机磷组分Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P、Fe-P和Ca₁₀-P的含量与生物有效磷组分CaCl₂-P和HCl-P含量呈显著正相关; 冗余分析表明,Ca₂-P是影响生物有效磷组分的关键组分。综上认为,土地利用类型和水热条件是影响土壤无机磷组分及生物有效磷组分特征的关键因素,无机磷组分含量的提高对生物有效磷组分具有正向作用。因此,应考虑未来气候变化可能对土壤中磷的形态及其有效性产生的影响,以推进喀斯特生态系统恢复。

关键词: 喀斯特生态系统, 土地利用类型, 水热条件, 无机磷形态, 生物有效磷

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202402027

分类号:Q948

文章编号:1000-3142(2025)06-1006-13

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(U20A2011, 42261011, 32271730); 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFF1300704); 广西重点研发项目(桂科AB24010051); 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2023020)。

Characteristics of soil inorganic phosphorus and bioavailable phosphorus fractions in karst ecosystems, influenced by land use types and hydrothermal conditions

YANG Qian¹, ZHANG Wei^2,4, LIANG Yueming³, WANG Kelin^2,4, HU Peilei^2,4, PAN Fujing^1*

1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;2. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;3. Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China;4. Huanjiang Agriculture Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, Guangxi, China 1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China; 2. Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; 3. Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Ministry of Natural Resources, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China; 4. Huanjiang Agriculture Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and Services, Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, Guangxi, China

Abstract:

In order to gain an understanding of the characteristics of soil inorganic phosphorus and bioavailable phosphorus fractions affected by land use types and hydrothermal conditions in karst ecosystems, the characteristics of soil inorganic phosphorus and bioavailable phosphorus fractions in karst ecosystems were analyzed and compared across croplands, artifical forests, and natural forests in low hydrothermal regions(Nanchuan District in Chongqing, Dushan and Suiyang counties in Guizhou)and high hydrothermal regions(Huanjiang, Mashan/Wuming, and Longzhou counties in Guangxi). One-way analysis of variance, two-factor analysis of variance, and correlation analysis were used to explore the different characteristics and the relationship between soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and bioavailable phosphorus fractions under the influence of land use types and hydrothermal conditions. Redundancy analysis was used to explore the key inorganic phosphorus fractions influencing soil bioavailable phosphorus fractions. The results were as follows:(1)Soil inorganic phosphorus fractions were significantly affected by land use types. The contents of dicalcium phosphate(Ca₂-P), octacalcium phosphate(Ca₈-P), phosphorus adsorbed on the Al oxides surfaces(Al-P), phosphorus adsorbed on the Fe oxides surfaces(Fe-P), occluded phosphorus(O-P)and decalcium phosphate(Ca₁₀-P)in the soils of croplands were found to be higher than those in the soils of artificial forests and natural forests. Furthermore, the contents of Ca₈-P, Fe-P and O-P exhibited the order of croplands > artificial forests > natural forests, whereas the contents of Ca₂-P and phosphorus extracted by hydrochloric acid(HCl-P)demonstrated the order of croplands > natural forests > artificial forests.(2)In high hydrothermal regions, Ca₁₀-P and O-P contents of natural forests soils were significantly higher than in low hydrothermal regions, and phosphorus extracted by enzymes(Enzyme-P)contents of plantation and artificial forests soils were higher than in low hydrothermal regions.(3)Soil inorganic phosphorus fractions Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, Al-P, Fe-P and Ca₁₀-P contents were significantly and positively correlated with bioavailable phosphorus fractions CaCl₂-P and HCl-P contents. Redundancy analysis showed that Ca₂-P was the key fraction affecting the bioavailable phosphorus fractions. The results indicate that land use types and hydrothermal conditions are key factors influencing the characteristics of soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and bioavailable phosphorus fractions. Increasing the contents of inorganic phosphorus fractions has a positive effect on bioavailable phosphorus fractions. Therefore, consideration should be given to the potential effects of future climate change on the fractions and availability of phosphorus in soil, thereby promoting the restoration of karst ecosystems.

Key words: karst ecosystem, land use types, hydrothermal conditions, inorganic phosphorus fractions, bioavailable phosphorus