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  • GUIHAIA
  • 2026, Vol., No.5
  • Publication date：2026--
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

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Current Issue 2026,Vol.,No.5

Supplementary -- 2022
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    • 2026,No.5 PDF(whole issue)
      2026,(5)    [Abstract](22)    [PDF]()
    • 2026,No.5 Cover
      2026,(5)    [Abstract](18)    [PDF](3)
    • 2026,No.5 Contents
      2026,(5)    [Abstract](22)    [PDF](2)
      • 专栏:作物遗传育种与功能基因组学
    • YANG Xinyue1, HE Yueying1, YANG Ao1, JIANG Lihui1, SUN Xiaoqian1, ZHU Zhenhao1, WAN Yuanyuan2, GUO Liwei1, PENG Sheng1, DU Yunlong1*
      Structural characteristics and functional analysis of rice OsACS2 and its homologous genes
      To study the structural characteristics and functions of rice OsACS2 gene in rice development, the physicochemical properties, structure, and phylogenetic relationships of OsACS2 and its homologous proteins in rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, maize, wheat, barley, tomato and potato were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Rice plants were treated with phytohormones abscisic acid(ABA)and methyl jasmonate(MeJA), and the expression levels of OsACS2 gene in rice roots and leaves were analyzed using real-time PCR. The results were as follows:(1)There were a total of 35 OsACS2 homologous genes found in rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, wheat, tomato, potato, maize, and barley.(2)OsACS2 showed a closer relationship with its homologs in maize and wheat.(3)The OsACS2 protein and its homologs showed similar subcellular localization, contained a conserved AMP(adenosine monophosphate)-binding domain, and had similar secondary and tertiary structures.(5)The promoter of the OsACS2 gene contained ABA and MeJA responsive elements, ABA treatment increased the expression of OsACS2 in roots and decreased its expression level in leaves, MeJA treatment resulted in a decrease in the expression level of OsACS2 in roots, but an increase in leaves. This study establishes a theoretical basis for further understanding the biological functions of OsACS2 and homologous genes.
      2026,(5):737-751    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](3)
    • SU Jing, QIAN Jiaojiao, TIAN Yongli, ZHANG Danting, LUO Chengke, LI Peifu, MA Tianli*
      Identification of OsGCD gene family in rice and analysis of its expression profiles under abiotic stress
      Rice(Oryza sativa)is a globally important food crop, and its yield is often severely affected by abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. Glucosylceramide enzyme(GCD), as a key enzyme in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, its molecular mechanism in response to abiotic stress in plants has not been clarified, and there is currently a lack of systematic bioinformatics research. In this study, a genome-wide analysis method was used to identify four OsGCD gene family members(OsGCD1-OsGCD5)in rice. Through the integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification methods, the molecular characteristics, evolutionary relationships, and expression regulation patterns of this gene family were systematically analyzed, aiming to reveal its biological functions in response to abiotic stress in plants. The results were as follows:(1)Bioinformatics analyses revealed that all OsGCD members contained a conserved DUF608 domain and possessed promoter regions enriched with drought-responsive(MBS)and hormone-responsive(ABRE/GARE)cis-elements.(2)Tissue expression profiling analysis indicated that OsGCD1 was predominantly expressed in roots at the three-leaf stage; OsGCD2 was highly expressed in roots at the germination stage and in grains at the wax ripening stage; OsGCD3 had high expression levels in stems and leaves at the three-leaf stage and in inflorescences at the booting stage; OsGCD5 was continuously highly expressed in stems at all stages.(3)Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that OsGCD1 and OsGCD5 exhibited a rapid and strong upregulation in leaves under salt, alkali, and drought stress conditions, suggesting their potential role in early stress response regulation. In contrast, OsGCD2 displayed a distinct root-predominant expression pattern, particularly during later stress stages, with significantly higher expression levels in roots compared to leaves. This study elucidates the OsGCD gene family's molecular mechanisms in rice stress adaptation through spatiotemporal expression patterns, offering novel targets for stress-resistant crop breeding.
      2026,(5):752-766    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
    • LIU Junfeng, MA Lingxiao, SUN Jie, LI Xun, ZHANG Suhong, MA Chang, MIAO Lixin, MAO Ting*
      Identification of POD gene family and analysis of its structure and function in rice
      In order to identify members of POD gene family in rice and analyze their structural and functional characteristics, bioinformatics methods were employed to systematically analyze physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, chromosomal locations, promoter cis-acting elements and expression patterns of this gene family. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 65 POD gene family members were identified from rice, which were classified into 10 groups and unevenly distributed across 11 rice chromosomes.(2)Conserved motif and structural domain analysis revealed that over 50% of the members contained Motif1, Motif2, Motif3, Motif5, Motif9, Motif10 and Motif15, with similar arrangement sequence; 20 members possessed PL-6 superfamily structural domain, and 15 members possessed HAD-like superfamily structural domain.(3)A total of 57 regulatory elements were predicted in POD gene family, which could be categorized into light-responsive, hormone-responsive, stress-responsive, and growth and development-responsive, among which the light-responsive G-box and hormone-responsive ABRE were the most abundant.(5)Analysis of expression patterns indicated that Os03t0170900-01, Os03t0170900-02, Os06t0106800-01, Os12t0651500-01 and Os12t0651500-02 exhibited the highest overall expression levels, suggesting that they may play crucial roles in organ and tissue morphogenesis, substance transport, photosynthesis and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in rice. The findings of this study lay a preliminary theoretical basis for further understanding the function of rice POD genes and provide important target resources for stress resistance-oriented molecular design breeding.
      2026,(5):767-779    [Abstract](18)    [PDF](1)
    • WANG Jianwei1, HE Xiaolan2*, LIANG Sijia1,3, LIU Yiyuan1, LI Peiyu3, ZHANG Weina1, ZHU Chuanying3, LI Xueke3, HU Tianyu3, ZHOU Yi3, LIU Junhe1, ZHU Mingju3*, LI Bo2*
      Cloning, subcellular localization and expression analysis of transcription factor MYB5 in rapeseed(Brassica napus)
      This study aims to investigate the role of the MYB5 transcription factor in cadmium(Cd)stress response in rapeseed(Brassica napus). Using the high-Cd-accumulating cultivar ‘Nanyou 868'(2n=5x=38, AACC)as experimental material, a MYB5 gene was cloned and named BnaMYB5. Bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, and qRT-PCR were comprehensively employed to investigate its sequence characteristics, protein properties, and expression patterns under Cd stress. The results were as follows:(1)The open reading frame of BnaMYB5 was 885 bp in length, encoding 295 amino acids; bioinformatics analysis indicated that the encoded protein contained a typical R2R3-MYB domain, belonging to the R2R3-MYB subfamily, and was predicted to localize in the nucleus.(2)Multiple sequence alignment revealed that BnaMYB5 shared high similarity(87.51%-98.97%)with MYB5 homologous proteins from species such as Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana; promoter sequence analysis identified multiple stress-responsive cis-acting elements.(3)Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that BnaMYB5 localized in the nucleus.(5)Tissue expression analysis showed that BnaMYB5 was expressed in root, stem, and leaf, with the highest expression in root; under Cd stress, its expression in leaves slightly increased with increasing Cd concentrations, but decreased slightly in root. In conclusion, BnaMYB5 may be involved in the transcriptional regulatory response of rapeseed to Cd stress. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further elucidating the functional mechanism of MYB5 in heavy metal stress and for stress-resistance breeding in rapeseed.
      2026,(5):780-789    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
    • LI Yu1, CHEN Yongdui1, WU Kuo1, MA Chuanzhi2, ZHANG Jie1*, ZHANG Zhongkai1
      Establishment and efficiency validation of VIGS systems for the main functional genes N, NSs and NSm of chilli yellow ringspot virus
      Chilli yellow ringspot virus(CYRSV)causes severe diseases in many economically important plants such as cash crops and horticultural flora, its major functional genes(N、NSs、NSm)have closely relationship with viral infection, However, no report has described the construction of a virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)system containing N, NSs, NSm genes to study its pathogenic function. To address this, a VIGS system was constructed for the N, NSs and NSm genes of CYRSV, and the roles of these genes during CYRSV infection were analyzed. Approximately 300 bp target fragments of CYRSV N, NSs and NSm genes were respectively inserted into the pTRV2 silencing vector. The silencing efficiency of each gene was detected under different inoculation modes. The optimal inoculation method was selected and further validated in Nicotiana benthamiana and pepper plants. The copy number of N, NSs and NSm genes was quantified using absolute quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). The results were as follows:(1)The silencing efficiencies for VIGS system of N, NSs, NSm were 82.07%, 87.02%, and 95.39% in N.benthamiana, respectively, and 86.63%, 89.22%, 83.53% in pepper, respectively, compared with the control group.(2)This study successfully established a VIGS system targeting the N, NSs and NSm genes of CYRSV, which effectively inhibit the copy number of N, NSs and NSm genes in N. benthamiana and pepper, with silencing efficiencies ranging from 82% to 95%. The N, NSs and NSm VIGS system developed in this study provides a valuable tool for future investigations into the pathogenesis of CYRSV and offers a theoretical basis for resistance breeding and environmentally friendly control strategies in the field.
      2026,(5):802-813    [Abstract](22)    [PDF](1)
    • GAO Li1, WANG Shu2*, JI Qiang3, BAI Xiangli1, TIAN Hui1
      Effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on maize physiology and growth under salt stress
      Soil salinization is a major abiotic stress limiting maize production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)on enhancing salt tolerance in maize and to elucidate the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. A pot experiment was conducted using the maize cultivar‘Zhengdan 958'. Plants were subjected to salt stress with or without AMF inoculation. Growth parameters, antioxidant system(MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activities), photosynthetic characteristics, ion homeostasis(Na+ and K+ contents), and the expression changes of key transporter genes(ZmNHX1 and ZmHAK1)were systematically analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Salt stress significantly inhibited maize growth, leading to MDA accumulation, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and excessive Na+ accumulation in shoots.(2)AMF inoculation increased plant height, stem diameter, and dry weight by 22.7%, 18.9%, and 31.5%, respectively. AMF decreased leaf MDA content by 26.5%, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and improves photosynthetic performance.(3)AMF promoted root Na+ exclusion and K+ uptake, resulting in a 35.2% decrease in the leaf Na+/K+ ratio. These changes were accompanied by upregulated expression of ZmNHX1 and ZmHAK1 genes. In conclusion, AMF enhances maize salt tolerance by activating the antioxidant defense system, maintaining ion homeostasis, improving photosynthetic function, and regulating key transporter gene expression. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the application of AMF in saline soil remediation and stress-resistant maize breeding.
      2026,(5):815-822    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
    • YIN Shuxiang1,2,3, LI Xia1,2,3, SONG Meixi1,2,3, WANG Qingxu1,2,3, SHEN Jicheng1,2, YE Fahui1,2, ZHAO Jiake5, LIU Demei1,2, LIU Ruijuan1,2, CHEN Wenjie1,2*
      Evaluation of salt tolerance in seed germination stage of 53 synthetic hexaploid wheat accessions in the Qinghai Plateau
      To reveal the differences in salt tolerance of synthetic hexaploid wheat during seed germination stage under moderate saline soil salt stress on the Qinghai Plateau, and to identify salt-tolerant germplasm suitable for local cultivation, this study used 53 synthetic hexaploid wheat accessions, under the conditions of 0 mol·L-1 NaCl(control)and 0.08 mol·L-1 NaCl salt stress, key germination stage traits(such as germination rate and seedling length)were measured. Grey correlation analysis combined with cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the salt tolerance of the tested materials. The results were as follows:(1)The coefficient of variation for the salt tolerance index of each trait in the tested synthetic hexaploid wheat ranged from 28.51% to 59.51%, with the salt tolerance index of underground fresh weight being the highest at 1.05. Under salt stress treatment, the seedling length, coleoptile length, maximum root length, and shoot fresh weight of the tested synthetic hexaploid wheat were all significantly higher than those of ‘Gaoyuan 558'; meanwhile, the salt tolerance indices of seedling length, coleoptile length, and root fresh weight were also higher than those of ‘Gaoyuan 558'.(2)Among the tested synthetic hexaploid wheat accessions, seedling length had the highest weight(18.89%). The top 10 materials ranked by comprehensive evaluation were No. 27, No. 9, No. 15, No. 31, No. 28, No. 29, No. 30, No. 37, No. 12, and No. 25 in sequence.(3)The result of cluster analysis showed that the 55 tested materials could be classified into 5 clusters. Among them, Cluster Ⅰ was the moderately salt-tolerant group, and Cluster Ⅱ was the highly salt-tolerant group. All 9 synthetic hexaploid wheat materials developed with Triticum dicoccum(cultivated emmer wheat)as the female parent were mainly distributed in Cluster Ⅰ and Cluster Ⅱ. Additionally, Cluster Ⅱ contained 7 of the top 10 materials in the comprehensive evaluation, namely No. 9, No. 27, No. 15, No. 31, No. 28, No. 29, and No. 30. This study comprehensively evaluates the changes in key agronomic traits of synthetic hexaploid wheat during seed germination under salt stress. It screens out excellent synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasm resources suitable for cultivation in moderately salinized areas such as Qinghai, and further proposes that Triticum dicoccum can be used as the female parent to create more synthetic hexaploid wheat, which can be applied to the identification and evaluation of new salt-tolerant germplasm. This research provides a germplasm foundation for breeding new salt-tolerant wheat varieties suitable for slightly to moderately salinized lands in regions like Qinghai, and offers a theoretical basis for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat.
      2026,(5):823-835    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
      • 植物代谢组学与次生产物
    • TANG Hailing1,2, YI Chenxin1, YE Weiyan1, MA Xiangwei1, TANG Xiuguan1, LIANG Jianjun1, SONG Qiqi1, ZHOU Hailan1, WEI Zhuangmin1, ZHU Pengjin1*
      Metabolomic analysis of interspecific variation in sugar compounds in jackfruit
      Jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophyllus)possesses significant nutritional and economic value, with sugar substances playing a critical role in determing fruit quality attributes such as sweetness and flavor. However, The content, accumulation type and metabolic pathways of sugar substances, are highly compler and co-regulated by multiple interconnected pathways. To systematically investigate the differences in sugar metabolism and the underlying regulatory networks among distinct jackfruit varieties, as well as the key metabolites and pathway mecanisms, this study selected the pulp from three economically important cultivars, ‘THA', ‘GTM', and ‘YNH', at a comparable commercial maturity stage as experimental materials. Employing widely-targeted metabolomics technology, we conducted a systematic identification and quantitative analysis of metabolites present in the fruit pulp. This high-throughput approach enabled the comprehensive profiling of a wide spectrum of biochemical compounds. Differential metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis( PCA )and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA ). Pathway enrichment analysis of the significantly differential sugar metabolites was performed utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes( KEGG )database. This integrated strategy allowed for the construction of detailed, variety-specific sugar metabolic networks, revealing the core and specialized pathways active in each cultivar. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 1 381 metabolites across 13 categories were identified, including 65 classified as sugar metabolites. Among these, 33 exhibited differential accumulation patterns.(2)(2S)-1-O-palmitol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol, 1-(sn-glycero-3-phosphate)-1D-inositol, and D-erythrose-5-phosphate were respectively the characteristic metabolites of ‘THA', ‘GTM', and ‘YNH' jackfruit fruits.(3)Eleven core sugar metabolic pathways collectively form the regulatory network in jackfruit pulp.(5)This network exhibited both conservation and cultivar specificity: fundamental pathways—including carbon metabolism(ko01200)and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis(ko00520)—were significantly enriched across all varieties, while unique metabolites and pathways characterized each cultivar. This study investigates the sugar metabolites identified during the metabolic processes of different jackfruit varieties and clarifies that the key characteristic metabolites of these varieties are not common sugars but rather their derivatives or intermediates. This finding not only reveals the specific material basis underlying varietal differences in sugar accumulation but also elucidates a regulatory feature of the jackfruit sugar metabolic network, namely "conserved foundational pathways coupled with specialized individual metabolism." At the metabolic level, this study further uncovers the key mechanisms governing the formation of flavor quality and the reasons for varietal differences in soluble solids(SS)content, thereby providing important theoretical support for the quality improvement of jackfruit.
      2026,(5):835-859    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
    • YANG Yang1, SHU Donglü1, KANG Cunbo2, CHEN Baibing1, KANG Yongquan1, SHU Yao3, YAN Jiawen1*
      Metabolomic study on the floral color differences of Michelia maudiae var. rubicunda
      Michelia maudiae var. rubicunda, a variant of M. maudiae, possesses unique ornamental value and holds great potential for landscape applications. To identify the key metabolite types and their abundances responsible for the floral color differences, this study conducted targeted metabolomic analyses of petals from M. maudiae(white flowers)and M. maudiae var. rubicunda(light red and deep red flowers)using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The results were as follows:(1)A total of 27 metabolites were identified, mainly belonging to six categories, including petunidin, delphinidin, malvidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, and other anthocyanidins.(2)Thirteen differential metabolites were screened, and KEGG pathway annotation revealed significant enrichment in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.(3)Differential metabolite analysis indicated that cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside was the key metabolite responsible for the floral color differences in M. maudiae var. rubicunda. In conclusion, the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins in petals of different floral colors were characterized, and the association between red intensity and the types and abundance of specific anthocyanins were examined. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for elucidating the coloration mechanism of M. maudiae var. rubicunda and offers a scientific foundation for future genetic improvement of floral color.
      2026,(5):850-861    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
    • WANG Lihan1,2, WANG Xuyang1,3, XU Fang1, BAI Qingsong1, LIAO Huanqin1, ZHANG Weihua1
      Effects of different nitrogen form ratios on growth and transcriptome response of Acacia mangium MA. auriculiformis seedlings
      In order to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying asexual growth and gene expression in Acacia mangium &#215; A. auriculiformis clone AMA308 in response to different nitrogen form ratios, asexual tissue-cultured seedlings were used as materials, five different NH5+/NO3- ratios(0:10, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 10:0)were applied to Hoagland nutrient solution. After 30 days of hydroponic culture, transcriptome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform, and differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened using edgeR with the criteria of |log2FC| > 1 and FDR < 0.05. KEGG enrichment analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)validation were conducted to verify the sequencing results. The results were as follows:(1)The number of DEGs in both root and leaf tissues increased significantly with the elevated proportion of nitrate in the nutrient solution, and root DEGs were consistently more abundant than leaf DEGs.(2)Root DEGs were significantly enriched in ribosome-related pathways(P<0.001), whereas leaf DEGs were predominantly enriched in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways.(3)A total of 88 DEGs were identified in nitrogen metabolism pathways, covering 11 key functional nodes including nitrate transport, nitrate reduction, and glutamine synthesis. Among these DEGs, 18 were down-regulated and 13 were up-regulated in roots with increasing NO3- ratio; in leaves, 13 were down-regulated and 9 were up-regulated.(5)Three genes belonging to the AMT1 subfamily were detected, which were expressed in both roots and leaves but showed significantly higher expression levels in roots. Two of these genes were ammonium-inducible and exhibited up-regulated expression with increasing NO3- ratio, while the expression of AMT1.1 was unaffected by external ammonium concentration and displayed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns between roots and leaves.(5)RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that the correlation coefficients between the expression levels of the four genes and the transcriptome data were ≥0.79(P<0.05)with the transcriptome sequencing data, confirming the high reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Acacia mangium &#215; A. auriculiformis modulates root and leaf responses to variable nitrogen forms via distinct molecular mechanisms. Ribosomal pathway enrichment in roots enhances protein synthesis capacity to facilitate efficient nitrogen uptake and assimilation, while enrichment of metabolic pathways in leaves optimizes nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic products and secondary metabolites, thereby supporting both photosynthetic performance and stress adaptation. This research elucidates the molecular basis of coordinated root-leaf responses to nitrogen forms for Acacia mangium &#215; A. auriculiformis and provides theoretical support and candidate genes for precise nitrogen application during its seedling stage.
      2026,(5):862-875    [Abstract](18)    [PDF](1)
    • XU Liai1,2, YU Youjian 2, LIU Xi 1, PAN Xiangdong 1, LEI Zupei 1*
      Full-length transcriptome sequencing and multi-tissue comparative analysis of the endangered plant Euchresta japonica
      Euchresta japonica is a rare and endangered legume species endemic to southern and southwestern China, valued for the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of its roots. Nevertheless, genomic information for this species remains largely unavailable. To address this gap, we constructed a full-length and comparative transcriptome database to provide key molecular insights into its regulatory networks and the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. Using PacBio SMRT third-generation sequencing technology, we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing on a mixed sample from six tissues of E. japonica, combined with Illumina platform for various transcriptome profiling, thereby establishing the first high-quality transcriptomic resource for this species. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 21 703 high-quality Unigenes were obtained, of which 99.26%(21 553)were annotated in seven major gene functional databases.(2)A total of 1 553 transcription factors spanning 87 families were identified, and 7 659 SSR loci were detected distributed across 6 263 Unigenes, with compound SSR and tri-nucleotide repeats being the most abundant.(3)Comparative transcriptomic analysis across six tissues revealed 16 220 non-redundant differentially expressed genes(DEGs). The most pronounced differences were observed between fruit and inflorescence, and between lateral root and fruit, with substantial numbers of highly expressed genes detected in inflorescence, fruit, and lateral root.(5)Over half of the flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were highly expressed in lateral root and/or inflorescence, consistent with metabolite accumulation patterns, indicating these tissues are key sites for flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides the first comprehensive transcriptome resource for the genus Euchresta, offering valuable genetic data for elucidating the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive compounds, identifying key functional genes, and developing molecular markers.
      2026,(5):876-891    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
    • LU Xuan1, ZHANG Yixuan2, XU Lihua2, LAN Qixian2, QIU Siqi3, CHEN Jianhua2, HUANG Rongshao2, LI Liangbo2, CAO Kexin3*
      Multi-omics analysis of red-light-regulated flavonoid metabolism in Pyrrosia petiolosa leaves
      Light quality is a controllable environmental factor in protected cultivation and can reshape secondary metabolism, thereby affecting the accumulation of active constituents and the quality of medicinal plants. In order to investigate the regulatory effects of red light on flavonoid metabolism in Pyrrosia petiolosa leaves and its molecular mechanism, plants were grown under full-spectrum white light(WL)and monochromatic red light(RL), and leaf metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles were generated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq), followed by integrative analysis to associate differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)with differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and to identify key pathways and candidate regulatory nodes based on KEGG enrichment. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with WL, RL significantly increased 109 flavonoid-related metabolites, including 51 flavonols and 35 flavones.(2)The contents of kaempferol glycosides and afzelechin were markedly increased, whereas the contents of naringenin chalcone and sakuranetin were decreased, suggesting that red light may redirect pathway flux and promote a shift in flavonoid composition toward the flavonol branch rather than uniformly elevating all flavonoid subclasses.(3)Transcriptome analysis showed significant upregulation of key structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis, including F3H, FLS, DFR and LAR, and both DEGs and differential accumulated metabolites were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In conclusion, red light promotes flavonoid accumulation(particularly flavonols)in P. petiolosa leaves by upregulating key biosynthetic genes and modulating pathway flux distribution. These findings provide a theoretical basis for light-quality-based regulation of secondary metabolism to improve the quality consistency of P. petiolosa and to support precision cultivation under controlled environments.
      2026,(5):892-905    [Abstract](20)    [PDF](1)
    • SHANG Menghua1, MA Yangmin1*, HE Yuan2, MA Siyue1, LI Zihan1, WANG Kai1
      Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas
      Syzygium aromaticum, an evergreen tree of the genus Syzygium in the family Myrtaceae, is an aromatic plant with both medicinal and edible applications. The essential oil derived from its flower buds holds significant value in the pharmaceutical, spice, and food industries due to its unique aromatic composition. In the pharmaceutical field, it serves as a key raw material for drug synthesis. In agriculture, it suppresses plant pathogens, aiding disease control and crop improvement. In the fragrance and food industries, it provides distinctive aromas that enhance product value. To systematically compare the quality differences of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from eight different producing areas, this study employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)technique to evaluate their chemical composition and antifungal activity. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 55 compounds were identified from the Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas. The samples from different producing areas shared a similar chemical profile. Eugenol served as the characteristic component and was the dominant compound in all samples. The sample from Shaanxi contained the highest level of eugenol(69.22%). However, samples from different producing areas exhibited certain variations in other composition and their contents. These differences may be related to geographical and climatic conditions(e. g. sunlight, temperature, humidity, precipitation)and soil characteristics of different producing areas.(2)All samples exhibited excellent inhibitory effects against the tested phytopathogenic fungi. Particularly, the Shaanxi sample demonstrated outstanding antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values as low as 0.5 μL·mL-1 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. This study systematically reveals the chemical composition variations and antifungal activity characteristics of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas. The results demonstrate that the Syzygium aromaticum floral bud from Shaanxi exhibits superior quality attributes, showing a significant correlation between its high eugenol content and remarkable antifungal activity. These findings provide critical a scientific basis for breeding selection of superior Syzygium aromaticum cultivars and the utilization of medicinal resources, and also lay a theoretical foundation for formulating plant-derived antifungal agents based on Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oil.
      2026,(5):905    [Abstract](20)    [PDF]()

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