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  • GUIHAIA
  • 2023, Vol.43, No.11
  • Publication date：2023-11-25
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

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Current Issue 2023,Vol.43,No.11

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      2023,43(11)    [Abstract](6)    [PDF]()
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      2023,43(11)    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
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      2023,43(11)    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
      • Special Column: Island and Coastal Plant Research
    • LI Zhaoyang1,3, SHI Yunfeng2*, CAI Jiali1,3, ZHAO Muqiu2, SHI Zhiqiang1, LUO Huijue3, HAN Qiuying1
      Effects of diurnal periodic photothermal desiccation stress on physiological characteristics of Thalassia hemprichii
      The distribution of seagrass meadows in intertidal zone is determined by the intensity of desiccation stress. The physiological characteristics of plants are the important basis to reflect their environmental stress effects. In order to explore the effects of the duration of photothermal desiccation stress on the physiological characteristics of seagrass during the tidal cycle, taking the tropical dominant seagrass Thalassia hemprichii as the research object, a simulation experiment was carried out in a solar greenhouse with high temperature(41.0-44.5 ℃)and strong light(633-1 682 μmol·m-2·s-1)environmental conditions. The effects of different desiccation time(0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90 min·d-1, continuous for 7 d)on the growth rate, photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of the leaves, as well as on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of nonstructural carbohydrates and secondary metabolites of leaves and roots were studied. The results were as follows:(1)The diurnal periodic photothermal desiccation of ≤10 min·d-1 had no significant effect on the growth rate and physiological characteristics of T. hemprichii(P>0.05).(2)Under the photothermal desiccation conditions, the damage of T. hemprichii leaves increased, the color of leaves changed from green to brown, and the growth rate of leaves decreased with the extension of desiccation time. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b and the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves showed a downward trend; the contents of MDA and soluble sugar and the activities of POD, SOD and CAT of leaves and roots showed an upward trend; whereas the contents of starch, total phenol and total flavonoids in leaves increased first and then decreased.(3)The diurnal periodic photothermal desiccation of 90 min·d-1 was the upper limit of incomplete inactivation for T. hemprichii chloroplast PS Ⅱ photosynthetic reaction center. In summary, a long term photothermal desiccation stress during tidal cycle has negative impacts on the growth and physiological characteristics for T. hemprichii. The results provide the reference for understanding the distribution of tropical seagrasses in the intertidal zone and the location selection of seagrass meadows for ecological restoration.
      2023,43(11):1965-1974    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • ZHOU Youxiu, YANG Guimei, QIN Zibo, YANG Yuhua, JIANG Yandong, HUANG Liujing*
      Fine root and leaf functional traits of coastal herbs and their relationship with soil factors
      Leaf and root are the most sensitive organs to environment, exploring the relationship between root and leaf functional traits and their responses to environmental factors is helpful to reveal the utilization of resources by plants and their adaption trategies to environment. In order to explore the adaptive strategies of coastal plants, the sandy coastal herbaceous plants in Pingtan Island were taken as the research object. Three distance gradients were set up from sea and land. Six leaf function traits, leaf thickness, individual leaf area, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area, leaf tissue density, leaf phosphorus content, and five fine root function traits, root average diameter, root tissue density, specific root length, specific root area, root phosphorus content, were measured to analyze the function traits of leaf and root of coastal plants and their responses to soil factors. The results were as follows:(1)The variation coefficient amplitude of root and leaf function traits in intertidal zone was the smallest, and it was the largest on the gradient 30-60 m away from the high tide line. The individual leaf area, leaf phosphorus content, root average diameter, root tissue density, and root phosphorus content increased with the distance from sea to land; the leaf dry matter content, leaf tissue density, specific root length and specific root area decreased.(2)Plants balanced resource allocation between growth and defense through traits combination, which showed that there were different degrees of correlation among leaf traits, root traits and root-leaf traits. Among the aboveground and underground corresponding traits, leaf thickness-root average diameter, leaf-root phosphorus content were significantly positively correlated. Specific leaf area with specific root length, specific root area, leaf tissue density-root tissue density had no significant correlation.(3)The interpretation degree of soil factors to the changes of coastal plant functional properties was 52.05%, of which the soil salt content had the greatest impact, followed by soil water content, soil electrical conductivity and soil pH value. In conclusion, in the harsh coastal environment, the soil salt content, soil electrical conductivity, soil water content and soil pH value decreased gradually from sea to land, and the overall environment is low in phosphorus and high in salinity. The plants have shown different survival strategies: plants closer to the sea adopted the strategy of leaf resource conservation type and root resource acquisition type; the farther away from the sea, the strategy of leaf resource acquisition type and root resource conservation type is adopted. The results of this study can provide a certain reference value for understanding the response mechanism and adaptability of coastal herbs to environmental gradient changes, which is conducive to the analysis of soil and other environmental characteristics to screen and plant suitable species according to gradient, and promote the restoration and protection of coastal plants.
      2023,43(11):1975-1985    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • CHEN Hongyi1,2, SUN Mei1,2*, LIU Zhenya1,2, BAN Qitang3, WEI Jiagong3, LU Hanyun3, YANG Hangmei1,2
      Responses of stem anatomical structure of a lakeside dominant plant Zizania latifolia to simulated warming in Napahai wetland of Northwestern Yunnan
      Lakeside plants of plateau wetland show strong functional responses to climate warming, one of the main phenomena of global change. Anatomical traits are closely related to the ecological function in plants. In order to explore the influences of climate warming on stem anatomical structures of wetland plants the effects of simulated temperature increase on the stem anatomical structure of Zizania latifolia, an emergent plant in the lakeside zone of the Napahai Wetland in the northwest of Yunnan Province, were studied by using an open-top chamber. The results were as follows:(1)In the temperature-increasing range of 4 ℃, the aboveground stem of Z. latifolia responded to warming mainly by increasing the thickness of the epidermal structure to increase the epidermal water loss. The response strategy of the underground stem was the same as that of the aboveground stem when the temperature was increased by 2 ℃, while the response to the temperature increase was mainly through reducing the sizes of the vascular structure to reduce the risk of cavitation when the temperature were increased by 4 ℃.(2)Annual maximum temperature(MAX)and nighttime accumulated temperature(NAT)were the key factors affecting the stem anatomical structure of Z. latifolia, but both of which only have significant effects on the sieve tube size of the underground stem(R2=0.838, P<0.01).(3)The thickness of inner epidermal cells was the main traits of the aboveground stem in response to the warming, and was significantly and positively correlated with temperature factors. The size of the vessel and sieve tube was the main trait of the underground stem response to the warming, and they were negatively correlated with temperature factors. The results indicate that there are differences in response strategies of the aboveground stem and underground stem of Z. latifolia to the temperature increase, which provides a scientific basis for revealing the response laws of plateau wetland plants to climate warming and ecological adaptation strategies. Based on the current climate warming context, we need to further investigate and supplement the ecological response processes and laws of more plateau wetland plants with more scientific experimental methods in the future.
      2023,43(11):1986-1998    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • LI Wangjing1,2, LI Mi1,2, XU Shufen1,2, LI Fangting1,2, YI Xiangxi1,2, LIU Yonghong1,2, GAO Chenghai1,2*
      Research of antibacterial activity and culturable bacteria isolate from mangrove rhizosphere soil in Maowei Sea
      In order to find culturable bacteria resources and antibacterial activity strain in the rhizosphere soil of mangrove plants from the Maowei Sea, the rhizosphere soil of five mangrove plants(Rhizophora stylosa, Talipariti tiliaceum, Sonneratia apetala, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Pluchea indica)was cultured by enrichment media and then isolated the culturable bacteria. The culturable bacteria were purified by six different isolation media. The diversity of culturable bacteria was analyzed by the 16S rRNA gene sequence information. Antimicrobial activities(Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa)of the culturable bacteria were analyzed by disk diffusion method. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 120 strains were isolated from seven rhizosphere soil samples of mangrove plants which could be classified into 35 families and 47 genera, among which five potential new species were obtained. The dominant genus was Streptomyces sp.(14.2%).(2)It was found that the crude extracts of nine strains had antibacterial activity against at least one pathogen. The results indicate that there are abundant culturable bacteria and potential new antibiotics resources in the mangrove rhizosphere soils from the Maowei Sea.
      2023,43(11):1999-2007    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • LI Juan, TONG Jiayun, FAN Zhichao, TONG Yi *
      Chloroplast genome structure characteristics of and phylogenic analysis of genus Aucuba
      To determine the structure and sequence variation of the chloroplast genome of genus Aucuba and to reveal their interspecies relationship, the chloroplast genomes of six Aucuba species including A. chinensis and A. japonica var. variegata as well as Garrya buxifolia were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The chloroplast genomes were assembled and annotated using bioinformatics software. The genome characteristics, sequence comparison and phylogeny were analyzed based on the chloroplast genomes. The results were as follows:(1)Six Aucuba species chloroplast genomes exhibited typical quadripartite circular structure(i.e., LSC, SSC, IRB and IRA)and were between 157 891-158 325 bp in length. A total of 114 genes were annotated(except the duplicate genes on IRs), including 80 protein-coding genes(CDS), 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes.(2)A total of 29 high-frequency codons prefer ending in A/U, and a total of 100 optimal codons of these six sequences were filtered out, including 12 were shared by six Aucuba species.(3)A total of 270 interspersed repeats, 133 tandem repeats and 412 SSR loci were detected in the six Aucuba chloroplast genomes.(4)Comparative analysis result of six Aucuba species revealed a highly conserved chloroplast genome sequence.(5)Ten highly divergent regions were identified based on nucleotide diversity analysis.(6)The phylogenetic trees were constructed using maximum likelihood(ML)and Bayesian(BI)showing a similar topology. The results supported that genus Aucuba was monophyletic with high support rate, as a sister to genus Garrya. The complete chloroplast genomes of these five Aucuba species and one Garrya species is firstly sequenced in the study. The results reveal the interspecies relationships and the taxonomic status of genus Aucuba, and provide references for the classification, identification and phylogeny of the genus Aucuba.
      2023,43(11):2008-2023    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • LIANG Kaoyun, HOU Shishi, GAO Chenghai, LIU Yonghong, YI Xiangxi*
      Anti-HBV chemical constituents from the hypocotyl of pharmaceutical mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza
      Bruguiera gymnorhiza hypocotyl is a common marine herbal medicine of the Jing people used in the treatment of hepatitis B. Firstly, MTT and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods were used to determine the anti-HBV activity of different extracted parts of B. gymnorhiza hypocotyl, the chemical constituents of the active extraction parts were isolated and identified using modern chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods, an in vitro screening model was employed to test the anti-HBV activity of obtained compounds. The results were as follows:(1)The n-butanol phase of the hypocotyl exhibited anti-HBV activity;(2)A total of 11 compounds were isolated and structurally identified, namely uridine(1), thymidine(2), adenosine(3), oryzalactam(4), n-butyl-O-D-fructopyranoside(5), nortetillapyrone(6),(4R,6S)-4-methoxyl-2,3-dihydroaquilegiolide(7),(4R,6S)-2-dihydromenisdaurilide(8), gallcatechin(9), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol(10), and(-)-lyoniresinol-9-O-β-D-xylopyrano-side(11), among them, compounds 4, 5, 7 and 8 were firstly obtained from B. gymnorhiza, and Compound 4 showed anti-HBV activity with an inhibition rate of 23.59%. The study clarify the chemical composition of the anti-HBV of B. gymnorhiza hypocotyl.
      2023,43(11):2024-2032    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • LUO Zhihong1,3, YI Wangdi1, XING Nannan2, LIU Yonghong1,3, GAO Chenghai1,3, XIA Chenxi1,3, CHEN Xianqiang1,3*
      Screening of active endophytic fungi derived from Aegiceras corniculatum and their antibacterial chemical constituents
      In order to explore the antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi derived from Aegiceras corniculatum, antibacterial activity of ferment extract of endophytic fungi was used as evaluation index to screen active strains, the chemical constituents were separated on the basis of bioactivity-guiding method combined with various chromatographic techniques and identified by spectral technique together with comparison with literature data, and the antibacterial activity of pure compounds was determined by microplate method. The results were as follows:(1)Sixteen taxa of endophytic fungi isolated from A. corniculatum were distributed in 2 classes, 7 orders, 10 families and 10 genera. Fusarium was dominant genus. The ferment extract of endophytic fungi GXIMD02029 and GXIMD02039 displayed different levels of inhibitory effects on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Actinomyces viscosity, and Staphylococcus aureus when that of GXIMD02038 against methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Micrococcus luteus, and Staphylococcus aureus.(2)Seven pure compounds were isolated from endophytic fungi Phomopsis sp. GXIMD02029 and identified as(15R)-acetoxydothiorelone A(1), cytosporone B(2), pestalotiopsone H(3), pestalotiopsone B(4), 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde(5), p-Hydroxybenzoic acid(6), N-(2-phenylethyl)acetamide(7).(3)Compounds 1 and 2 showed different levels of antibacterial effects. Compound 1 exhibited inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and methicillin-resistant S. aureus with MIC value of 16.25 SymbolmA@ g·mL-1, Micrococcus luteus and Actinomyces viscosity with MIC value of 7.812 5 SymbolmA@ g·mL-1, and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 31.25 SymbolmA@ g·mL-1. Compound 2 displayed inhibitory effect on Micrococcus luteus with MIC value of 62.5 SymbolmA@ g·mL-1, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Actinomyces viscosity with MIC values of 125 SymbolmA@ g·mL-1, and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 250 SymbolmA@ g·mL-1. Three active strains were reported in the project. It is reported that Compound 1 shows the antibacterial activity for the first time. The result provides the basis for the antibacterial values of endophytic fungi of Aegiceras corniculatum.
      2023,43(11):2033-2041    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
      • Genetics and Breeding
    • TIAN Huaizhi1, GUO Hao1, TIAN Hao2, XIONG Xingwei1, ZHANG Suqin1, GENG Guangdong1,3*
      Transcriptome characteristic analysis and EST-SSR marker development of Capsicum annuum under waterlogging stress
      SSR molecular markers were obtained based on abundant transcriptome data under different waterlogging conditions in order to develop appropriate biological tools and explore the molecular mechanism of hot pepper response to waterlogging stress in this experiment. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 128 939 Unigenes were obtained from transcriptome analysis of hot pepper. The total length, average length, and GC content were 55 082 725 bp, 1 101 bp and 40.57%, respectively. Compared with seven major functional databases, 102 123(NR: 79.20%), 110 157(NT: 85.43%), 70 203(SwissProt: 54.45%), 73 539(KOG: 57.03%), 77 646(KEGG: 60.22%), 77 442(GO: 60.06%)and 68 216(Pfam: 52.91%)Unigenes obtained functional annotations. It was found that lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, environmental adaptation, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, signal transduction and translation played important roles in the response to waterlogging stress.(2)A total of 26 574 SSR loci were found in 24 889 Unigenes from hot pepper transcriptome data. The frequency of SSR was 20.61%, of which single nucleotide repeat accounted for the highest ratio(37.26%), followed by tri-nucleotide(31.00%)and di-nucleotide(25.44%)repeat types, accounting for 93.70% of the total EST-SSR. The motifs A/T, AG/CT and TC/GA, followed by AT and TA, were the most abundant in mono-nucleotide and di-nucleotide. The most common types of tri-nucleotides were TTG/CAA and ACA/TGT.(3)10 002 pairs of EST-SSR primers were designed with Primer 3. A total of 30 pairs of primers were randomly selected for amplification test, and all of them were effective. Seven pairs of primers could amplify the target bands in three hot pepper germplasms. To sum up, the motif structure of the most dominant SSR repeat type in hot pepper is basically similar to that of other varieties, and the molecular mechanism of hot pepper waterlogging stress response is preliminarily explored. The EST-SSR markers are developed to provide reference for hot pepper waterlogging-tolerant genetics breeding.
      2023,43(11):2042-2054    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • YIN Si1, HAO Zhuan2, LU Feidong1, GAO Yong1*
      Genetic diversity of six Amorphophallus species in Southwest China based on cpDNA sequences
      Investigating mechanisms underlying genetic variation and differentiation of wild resources is critical for the utilization and improvement of crop germplasms. Amorphophallus species is an important economic crop in Southwest China for its glucomannan production. However, the wild populations of this genus are declining due to human activities. To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of representative Amorphophallus species in Southwest China, the phylogenetic relationships between species were reconducted by using three chloroplast DNA(cpDNA)fragments and analyzing genetic diversity of six Amorphophallus species. The results were as follows:(1)The genetic diversity of wild Amorphophallus populations was generally low with an average haplotype diversity(Hd)of 0.428. In addition, nearly half of the total populations had only one haplotype. The haplotype diversity of each species varied from 0.704 to 0.983.(2)The genetic differentiation between each pair of six species was relatively high, and the genetic differentiation coefficient(FST)values ranged from 0.481 to 0.967.(3)The phylogenetic analysis suggested that 27 selected Amorphophallus species should be mainly divided into three clades Africa clade, Southeast Asia clade, and East Asian continent clade. A. paeoniifolius belonged to the Southeast Asia clade. The East Asian continent A clade included A. konjac and A. krausei, and East Asian continent B clade was comprised of A. kiusianus, A. yunnanensis and A. tonkinensis. Geographic isolation and human disturbance could have caused the low genetic diversity in wild populations of Amorphophallus. The divergence of the East Asian continent clade may be driven by the rapid radiation and ecological adaptation in species of this clade. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the conservation, sustainable utilization and breeding of Amorphophallus species in Southwest China.
      2023,43(11):2055-2064    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • WU Shiqi, PAN Feng, ZHAO Cai*
      Genetic diversity and structure of wild Rosa roxburghii in Southwest China
      In order to study genetic diversity and the origin of wild Rosa roxburghii in Southwest China and provide some bases for its utilization and protection. A survey was based on the splicing sequences of two single-copy nuclear genes(GAPDH and ncpGS)and three chloroplast genes(atpF-trnH, trnL-trnF and trnG-trnS). The individuals of 320 wild R. roxburghii from 27 wild populations in China were amplified, sequenced by PCR. After that, the sequencing results were analyzed with relevant software. The results were as follows:(1)Low genetic diversity levels were found in R. roxburghii of single-copy nuclear gene(Hd=0.469 2, π=0.000 49)and chloroplast gene(Hd=0.653 4, π=0.000 65). But there were significant differences among different populations.(2)Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA)showed that the genetic variation almost occured within populations, which indicated that population variation was the main source of genetic variation in wild R. roxburghii. It existed obvious genetic differentiation among populations(cpDNA: FST=0.336 47, GST= 0.273, NST= 0.308; scnDNA: FST=0.094 87, NST=0.076, GST=0.056). The distribution of R. roxburghii did not have obvious phylogeographical structure(P>0.05).(3)Tajima's D value of neutral test was insignificantly negative value, indicating that R. roxburghii populations conformed to neutral evolution model. Fu's Fs value was significantly negative, combining the result of mismatch analysis curve, deducing that R. roxburghii populations had an expansion within a small range before. But generally, they remained stable.(4)According to the haplotype network, the populations of the Bijie region not only presented higher genetic diversity, but also had a lot of haplotypes. Therefore, the Bijie region was speculated to be one of the refuges of ice age. Therefore, they were supposed to be carried out the strategy of local protection. The populations with special traits and unique haplotypes shall be protected to adopt a priority protection approach. The survey is expected to provide a reference for wild R. roxburghii of the resource protection and genetic breeding.
      2023,43(11):2065-2077    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • LIU Baocai1,2, CHEN Jingying1,2*, ZHANG Wujun1,2, LIU Jianchao3, HUANG Yingzhen1,2, ZHAO Yunqing1,2, LIU Hongyue4
      Analysis of gene expression characteristics before and after seed germination of Polygonatum cyrtonema
      Polygonatum cyrtonema seeds have a comprehensive dormancy phenomenon, and analyzing the changes of key genes before and after seeds germination plays an important role in exploring seed physiology and breaking dormancy. Based on high-throughput sequencing technology(Illumina Hiseq 2500), the transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were carried out in four stages of P. cyrtonema seed germination with three biological replicates. The results were as follows:(1)388 231 Transcripts and 178 319 Unigenes were obtained by de novo assembly.(2)Among the 11 817 Unigenes with significant differences before and after germination, 6 405 were up-regulated and 5 412 were down-regulated.(3)Significant difference genes were enriched and analyzed in the GO enrichment analysis, and the differential expression up- and down-regulation Uningenes were main enriched in biological process and molecular function, which were mainly involved in metabolic processes and catalytic activities.(4)KEGG significant enrichment indicated that the differential expression genes were mainly enriched in ribosome, plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism and other pathways; the up-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in ribosome 231, plant hormone signal transduction 56, starch and sucrose metabolism 76 and others; the down-regulated differential genes were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis 48 plant hormone signal transduction 48, starch and sucrose metabolism 48, and other pathways; a total of 40 differential genes were involved in the synthesis of auxin pathway key enzymes. Genes encoding sucrose phosphate synthase were down-regulated and genes encoding glycogen phosphorylase were up-regulated in starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. This paper preliminarily clarified that plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism played a key role before and after the seeds germination of P. cyrtonema and analyzed the key genes involved in these two pathways. This study preliminarily clarifies that plant hormone signal transduction and starch and sucrose metabolism play a key role before and after the germination of P. cyrtonema seeds, and analyzes the key genes involved in these two pathways, which provides a reference for further research on the physiology, reproduction and breeding of P. cyrtonema seeds.
      2023,43(11):2078-2090    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • MA Daocheng1, YANG Youxing2, CHEN Wenlang1, WAN Xiuyong2, PAN Shumin1, WEN Guorong2, WANG Linghui1*
      Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic characters in 20 germplasm resources of Erythropalum scandens
      In order to analyze the phenotypic character of different germplasm resources of woody vegetable Erythropalum scandens and lay a foundation for selecting excellent E. scandens resources with large leaf and vigorous branch. In this study, 20 provenances from Vietnam and three provinces(regions)in China(Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian)were selected as the research objects. Twelve leaf character and four branch characters were measured and calculated. Descriptive statistics, variance analysis and correlation analysis were performed, and the phenotypic characteristics of different E. scandens resources were counted, classified and evaluated. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant or extremely significant differences in most leaf and branch characters among different resources. The rangeabilities of the coefficient variation(CV)of all characters within provenances were not the same. The rangeability order of the coefficient variation of all characters among different resources was leaf functional character(15.42%～70.01%)> branch character(20.57%-71.71%)> leaf morphological character(3.39%～20.01%). Phenotypic variation within provenance was more prominent.(2)In terms of correlation between leaf morphological character and functional characteristic, there was a significant correlation between number of new branches, number of internodes and number of new leaves, but there was no significant correlation between number of new branches and leaf morphological characters.(3)Four principal components could be extracted from 16 phenotypic characters, and the total contribution rate was 85.528%. Four principal components reflected leaf morphology, leaf germination and growth, leaf shape, dry matter accumulation and branch thickening, respectively.(4)Cluster analysis of 20 resources could be divided into three categories, one had large leaves and good growth condition, one had small leaves and vigorous branches, and the other one was not outstanding in comprehensive performance. The geographical distribution of the subgroups of the major resources was close to each other.(5)Anxi and Fuqing in Fujian could be selected as resources with large leaves; Daxin, Shangsi and Guiping in Guangxi could be selected as resources with strong branches. In conclusion, the provenances of Anxi in Fujian has the best comprehensive performance, followed by Fuqing, Haifeng, Nanning and Chaling. Zhaoping and Yizhou has the worst comprehensive performance and they are not suitable for cultivation in Nanning. In some resources, there are excellent single plants with outstanding growth performances, which could be developed into clones for further provenance tests. This study provides a scientific basis for the analysis of phenotypic characters and the initial performance of different E. scandens germplasm resources in Nanning, and lay a foundation for screening and breeding high-yield E. scandens varieties.
      2023,43(11):2091-2105    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
      • Phytochemistry and Chemical Biology
    • SUN Guofeng, CHEN Fengzheng, TIAN Chong, CHENG Ying, LI Shuhua*
      Isolation and identification of the alkaloids from rhizomes of Stephania macrantha
      To study the alkaloids in the rhizomes of Stephania macrantha. The total alkaloids of S. macrantha were extracted by acid extraction and alkali precipitation method. Eleven alkaloids have been isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The structures of compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods(NMR and MS). The results were as follows:(1)Eleven compounds were designated as sinomenine(1), sinoactine(2), stepharine(3), reticuline(4), isocorydine(5), corydalmine(6), asimilobine(7), sukhodianine(8), dicentrine(9), 7-oxocrebanine(10)and palmatine(11).(2)The total alkaloids of S. macrantha and sinomenine had inhibitory activities on human lung cancer cells(A549), with IC50 values of 7.5×10-4 g·mL-1 and 6.59×10-9 g·mL-1, respectively. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were isolated for the first time from S. macrantha. The chemical constituents from S. macrantha belong to five types of alkaloids such as morphanes, proaporphines, aporphines, benzyltetrahydroi soquinolines and protoberberines.
      2023,43(11):2106-2112    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • CHANG Yanling, LIANG Xiaoqin, HUANG Yan, PAN Liwei, HOU Ping, REN Chenyang, LI Jun*
      Diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Isodon macrocalyx
      To study the constituents of Isodon macrocalyx, thirteen diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of I. macrocalyx by means of various column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C18 pre-HPLC. The structures of the isolated diterpenoids were determined on the basis of analyses of spectroscopic methods(1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), and comparison of their spectroscopic data with previously reported data. The results showed that the diterpenoids were identified as 19-hydroxytotarol(1), macrophynin E(2), inumakoic acid(3), inumakiol D(4), 4β-carboxy-19-nortotarol(5),(-)-lambertic acid(6), 2-oxo-5-fagonene(7), isodoterniofiln B(8), longikaurin E(9), longikaurin A(10), rabdotemin H(11), 16S-dihydrolongikaurin A(12), and ent-3S,16S,17-trihydroxy-kauran-2-one(13). All diterpenoids were isolated from I. macrocalyx for the first time.
      2023,43(11):2113-2119    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • WU Yong1,2, WEI Aiji1, YANG Kun1, LI Jingui1, DONG Sisi1, LIU Dali1, HOU Chunlan1, LIU Hongling1,2, CHENG Chi1,2, XUE Feilong1,2, LIU Songqing1,2*
      Intervention study of roxburgh rose polysaccharide extracts on Type Ⅱ diabetes in mice
      To investigate the synergistic effect of Rosa roxbunghii Tratt polysaccharide(RRTP)and Rosa roxbunghii Tratt insoluble dietary fiber(RTIDF)on hypoglycemic function. In this study, RRTP and RTIDF were extracted, isolated and purified, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides were measured by in vitro experiment and the relationship between hypoglycemic function and intestinal microbiota structure in mice was analyzed in vivo intervention experiment of type Ⅱ diabetes in mice. The results were as follows:(1)RRTP had a good free radical scavenging ability in vitro, and could significantly inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities with IC50 values of 0.293 and 4.251 mg·mL-1, respectively. RTIDF only showed certain inhibitory activity on α-amylase activity.(2)After the intervention of the extractive in the model mice, the tendency of the obese mice to continue to lose weight was reversed. Compared with CK group, the blood glucose level of RTIDF and RRTP+RTIDF mice were significantly down-regulated, and the activity of CAT enzyme in serum was significantly enhanced. RRTP+RTIDF group was superior to RTIDF group.(3)The extract intervention could reduce the inflammatory factors in the liver, relieve the degree of cell swelling, increase the number of absorbing cells in the cecum, and restore the intestinal wall mucosal layer.(4)Further analysis of intestinal flora showed that RTIDF and RRTP could reduce the proportion of bacteroidetes to firmicutes, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as acetobacter, but RTIDF had more significant regulation effect on the population. Therefore, based on in vitro hypoglycemic simulation and in vivo intervention results, RRTP and RTIDF have a certain synergistic effect on glucose intervention in diabetic mice, it may be used together as an intervention to improve type Ⅱ diabetes.
      2023,43(11):2120-2130    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • TAN Xiaoqing1, HU Xiaoxi1, TANG Hongzhen2, LIANG Chenyan2, QIN Xijun2, LIU Zhenjie2*
      Correlation analysis between HPLC fingerprint of Smilax riparia and antioxidant activity
      In order to investigate the relationship between antioxidant efficacy and active components of Smilax riparia, the HPLC fingerprint of S. riparia extracts were determined, similarity evaluation and cluster analysis are carried out, while analysis software was used for PLSR to establish the spectra effect relationship, and validation test of in vitro anti-oxidation was carried out. The results were as follows:(1)HPLC fingerprints of 13 batches of S. riparia with 14 main common peaks were established.(2)Thirteen batches of S. riparia samples were grouped into two categories, the samples of S. riparia with close geographical location were clustered into one group, and the chemical fingerprints of S. riparia with close geographical location were highly similar.(3)PLSR showed that the areas of peaks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 and 14 in the fingerprint were positively correlated with the antioxidant effect, while the areas of peaks 4, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 were negatively correlated with the antioxidant effect, the VIP values of peaks 9, 11, 3, 4 and 5 were all greater than 1.(4)Peak 9 was oleanolic acid, Peak 10 was ursolic acid, and Peak 9 had the largest scavenging capacity for ABTS free radicals. Therefore, antioxidant efficacy of S. riparia is contributed by a combined action of multi-components rather than one component. Peak 9(oleanolic acid)may be the material basis of the antioxidation effect of S. riparia.
      2023,43(11):2131-2138    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • FENG Shuhui1,2, YAN Chen1*, ZHANG Weiqing1, LIANG Wei1, LI Yanmei3, WEI Xuenai3, RAO Qing3, MA Sibu2*
      Chemical constituents from Carpesium cernuum and their anti-leukemia activities in vitro
      In order to study the chemical constituents from Carpesium cernuum and their inhibitory effects on leukemia cells in vitro. The chemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of C. cernuum were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and macroporous adsorption resin, and their structures were identified by means of various spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1-10 on leukemia cells(K562, HEL)in vitro were determined by MTT assay. The results were as follows:(1)Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 9-epoxy-5, 9-dihydroxy-8-angeloyloxy-11-methoxymethyl-4(15)-germacraen-6, 12-olide(1), cardivin D(2), cernuumolide I(3), cernuumolide J(4), 8-hydroxy-9, 10-diisobutyryloxythymol(5),(2E, 6Z, 10E, 12R)-7-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-3, 11, 15-trimethylhexadeca-2, 6, 10, 14-tetraene-1, 12-diol(6), 9, 10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate(7), 1, 6-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone(8), emodin(9), 4-megastigmen-3, 9-dione(10), β-sitosterol(11). Among them, Compound 1 was identified as a new compound, compounds 5, 7-10 were isolated from the Carpesium for the first time, compounds 2, 5-10 were isolated from C. cernuum for the first time.(2)The results of activity test showed that cardivin D(2), cernuumolide I(3)and cernuumolide J(4)had good inhibitory effects on leukemia cells in vitro. The IC50 of compounds 2-4 against K562 cells and HEL cells were(2.27 ± 0.46),(5.53 ± 0.41),(3.90 ± 0.80)μmol·L-1 and(1.84 ± 0.14),(2.36 ± 0.90),(2.31 ± 1.17)μmol·L-1, respectively. Thus, the study enriches the chemical constituents of C. cernuum, and provides a material basis for the development of anti-leukemia drugs.
      2023,43(11):2139-2148    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
    • ZHANG Bao1, LIU Jia1, KUANG Weimi2,3, JIANG Li2, LI Yongjun2,3, LI Yue1*
      Chemical constituents from Potentilla kleiniana and their anti-inflammatory activities
      The purpose of this paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of Potentilla kleiniana and their anti-inflammatory activities. The 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40F and other methods, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the spectral data of NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds were evaluated by mouse macrophage(RAW 264.7)inflammatory model induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in vitro. The results were as follows:(1)Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified from P. kleiniana as 2-(heptadecanoyloxy)propane-1,3-diyl distearate(1), 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid(2), methyl-9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid(3), 2,2'-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene)(4), emodin(5), chrysophanol(6),(6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), neo-andrographolide(8), methyl-α-D-fructofuranosides(9), 1-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-allopyranos(10), p-coumaric acid(11), cesternosides A(12), koaburaside(13), orientin(14), isoorientin(15). Compounds 1-15 were obtained from Potentilla genus for the first time.(2)The anti-inflammatory test results showed that compounds 1-3, 8, and 11-15 had moderate inhibitory activities on NO production, and the inhibition rate of compound 8 was 72.5% at the concentrations of 25 μmol·L-1. In conclusion, the study enriches the phytochemical information of P. kleiniana, and clarifies that fatty acid derivatives, phenolic components and diterpenoids are anti-inflammatory active components, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploitation of P. kleiniana.
      2023,43(11):2149-2158    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)
      • Review
    • WANG Menglong, LUO Suwei, LI Xiaoshi, PENG Xiaoqun*
      Research advances on plant lectin receptor-like kinases in abiotic stress response
      Plants are exposed to various stress during their growth and development, and abiotic stress is one of the most significant factors. Receptor-like kinases(RLKs)are widely present in plants that can quickly and effectively respond to stress, ultimately leading to a series of biological effects. Lectin receptor-like kinases(LecRLKs)belongs to a subfamily of RLKs, which consisting of three structural domains: extracellular lectin domain, transmembrane domain, and intracellular kinase domain. Based on the different types of extracellular lectin domains, LecRLKs can be classified into three subclasses: L, G and C types. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that plant lectin receptor-like kinases play a vital role in responses to abiotic stress. By recognizing abiotic stress-related signal molecules, LecRLKs can activate downstream signaling pathways, such as the MAPK pathway, the ROS pathway, the calcium signaling pathway, as well as to regulate gene expression and protein translation to enhance plant stress resistance. In this review, we summarize the structural characteristics and classification of LecRLKs. Meanwhile, the functions and mechanisms of LecRLKs in response to abiotic stress such as salt stress, low temperature stress, drought stress, mechanical damage and plant hormones are systematically reviewed. Furthermore, prospects are made for the future research directions of LecRLKs. This review not only provides new insights into the functions and mechanisms of LecRLKs in abiotic stress responses, but also provides a theoretical basis for using LecRLKs to improve crop resistance breeding.
      2023,43(11):2159-2169    [Abstract](6)    [PDF](4)

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