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  • GUIHAIA
  • 2024, Vol.44, No.3
  • Publication date：2024-03-25
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

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Current Issue 2024,Vol.44,No.3

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    • 2024,No.3 PDF(whole issue)
      2024,44(3)    [Abstract](402)    [PDF](101)
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      2024,44(3)    [Abstract](384)    [PDF](134)
    • 2024,No.3 Contents
      2024,44(3)    [Abstract](334)    [PDF](145)
      • Special Issue：Research on Kast, Cave and Tiankeng Plants
    • CHEN Ting, TAN Yanfang, LU Shuhua*, LI Dongxing, LI Jianxing, LU Fang
      Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the quality of pitaya planted in calcareous soil in karst area
      Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on fruit quality of pitaya under the condition of calcareous soil in karst area were discussed in order to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application level on fruit quality of pitaya under calcareous soil condition in karst area. The ‘Taiwan Dahong' pitaya were used as the experiment material. Based on 0.216 kg of phosphorus(P)and 0.324 kg of potassium(K), four nitrogen(N)application levels(CK, T1, T2, T3)were setted. Twenty-one fruit quality indexes were determined, and the quality differences of pitaya with different N application levels(CK, T1, T2, T3)were compared. At the same time, eleven appearance quality indexes were comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the control, N application could increase the contents of soluble sugar and soluble solids of fruit, reduce the contents of protein and dietary fiber, and the high nitrogen treatment(T3)was significantly different from other treatments. With the increase of N application, the contents of titratable acid and vitamin C of fruit increased firstly and then decreased, while the solid-acid ratio decreased firstly and then increased. T3 significantly increased the fruit vertical and horizontal diameters, fruit shape index and single fruit weight.(2)Compared with the control, N application treatment reduced the N content of pitaya fruit and increased the P content, and the N and P contents of each treatment were significantly different. The K content of fruit increased with the increase of N application. N application increased fruit boron(B)content and decreased fruit cuprum(Cu)content. The contents of manganese(Mn), ferrum(Fe), calcium(Ca)and magnesium(Mg)in different treatments were ranked as T3 > T1 > CK > T2. The content of zinc(Zn)decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of N application.(3)The principal component comprehensive evaluation score of the high N treatment was the highest, indicating that when selecting brown calcareous soil in Guilin karst area to grow pitaya, supplemented by a certain amount of P and K fertilizers, high N treatment was more conducive to improving the quality of pitaya. Therefore, in actual production, it is necessary to make appropriate adjustments according to the soil fertility status of the plantation.
      2024,44(3):405-414    [Abstract](378)    [PDF](143)
    • YANG Zhiqi1,2,3, DU Hu2,3, SONG Tongqing2,3, ZENG Fuping2,3, PENG Wanxia2,3, ZHANG Lijin2,3,4, GAN Jiang2,3,4, YANG Gairen1*
      Spatial structure dynamics of karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in Mulun National Nature Reserve
      The spatial structure evolution of forests in karst areas is a key scientific issue in global forest research. In order to explore the dynamics of spatial structure in karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests, a study was conducted in Mulun National Nature Reserve, focusing on a fixed monitoring plot of 2 hm2. Based on data from three surveys conducted in 2007, 2012, and 2017, the dynamics of community spatial structure were analyzed using the spatial structure parameters, i. e., angular scale(Wi), mixing degree(Mi), and size ratio(Ui). The results were as follows:(1)The univariate distribution results of spatial structure parameters revealed that the forest structure gradually shifted towards a slightly clumped distribution state as the stand age increased between 2007 and 2017. The mixing degree was at a level of strong mixing and showed a tendency towards extreme mixing. In terms of the size ratio, the stand exhibited a moderate state, shifting towards subdominance as the stand grew.(2)The study of spatial structure for different diameter classes of trees showed that the anglular scale, size ratio, and mixing degree of trees in diameter classes 1-15 cm gradually increased with stand growth. As the diameter class increased, the values of the size ratio showed a decreasing trend while the mixing degree showed an increasing trend.(3)The study of spatial structure for dominant tree species revealed that, during the period from 2007 to 2017, all five dominant tree species groups exhibited a slightly clumped distribution. The size ratio showed a tendency towards subdominance and a moderate distribution state, while the mixing level was at a high degree and gradually shifted towards extreme mixing. In conclusion, the karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in Mulun currently exhibits a slightly clumped distribution, a strong degree of mixing, and a tendency towards subdominance. The community is relatively stable, the stand regeneration is in good condition, and the forest is gradually transitioning towards a climax community. The analysis of the dynamic changes in vegetation structure in karst evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests is of great significance for predicting the future development and changes of forests.
      2024,44(3):415-427    [Abstract](400)    [PDF](131)
    • LIN Haili1,2, YUAN Kewei1,2, LIANG Zhihui1,2, LI Yuling1,2, LIANG Shichu1,2*
      Relationship between plant diversity and environmental factors of typical mid-subtropical karst forests in China
      In order to gain insight into the species diversity and functional diversity of forest vegetation in karst hills and their relationships with environmental factors. We analyzed the species diversity and functional diversity of deciduous broad-leaved forest, mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest in karst hills of Guilin through community investigation, determination of functional traits and environmental factors. And in combination with statistical methods such as one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparisons, and redundancy analysis to investigate the impact mechanisms of environmental factors on the species diversity and functional diversity of different vegetation types. The results were as follows:(1)The Patrick richness index was significantly higher in evergreen broad-leaved forest than that in deciduous broad-leaved forest, and mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest. The Pielou evenness index of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest was the highest, followed by deciduous broad-leaved forest and the lowest in evergreen broad-leaved forest.(2)The functional richness index of evergreen broad-leaved forest was significantly higher than that of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest and deciduous broad-leaved forest; the functional evenness index was the highest in mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest, the second in deciduous broad-leaved forest, and the lowest in evergreen broad-leaved forest.(3)Redundancy analysis combined with Monte Carlo random replacement test results indicated that species diversity of deciduous broad-leaved forest was mainly affected by canopy openness and soil water-soluble calcium. Functional diversity was affected by soil water-soluble calcium and rock exposure rate. Rock exposure rate and soil thickness were the main restricting factors that affect species diversity and functional diversity of mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest. In addition, species diversity was significantly affected by soil available nitrogen. The influencing factors of species diversity and functional diversity of evergreen broad-leaved forest were consistent, and they were all significantly affected by rock exposure rate, soil water content and soil thickness. The results of this study reveal the effects of species diversity and functional diversity of different forest vegetations on non-biological environmental changes, expand the understanding of species diversity and functional diversity of karst hills, and provide further reference for biodiversity protection of karst hills.
      2024,44(3):428-438    [Abstract](348)    [PDF](142)
    • WEI Jianhua1,2, YU Yuefeng2, ZENG Chengcheng2, LI Qin2, SU Lirong2, QIN Fang2, YANG Gairen1*, HE Tieguang2
      Effects of intercropping patterns on rhizosphere soil nutrients and microecological environment of walnut in karst area
      To study the effects of intercropping walnut in karst area on rhizosphere soil nutrients and microecological environment, this research selected four different planting modes of walnut in the northwest Guangxi karst area as experimental subjects. The modes included intercropping walnut with mulberry(H-SS), walnut with Mahonia fortunei(H-SD), walnut with corn(H-YM), and monoculture walnuts(H-D). The physicochemical properties and microbial characteristics of the walnut rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under different planting modes were analyzed using laboratory chemical experiments and Illumina Hiseq PE300 high-throughput sequencing technology. The results were as follows:(1)The walnut rhizosphere soils of different modes exhibited different degrees of enrichment in total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), total potassium(TK), available phosphorus(AP), soil organic carbon(SOC), and exchangeable calcium, while available nitrogen(AN)showed a deficiency. Among them, H-SS showed significant enrichment effects on TN, TP, and SOC, while H-YM demonstrated the best enrichment effects on AP, AK, and exchangeable calcium.(2)Sucrase activity, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and bacteria all exhibited significant rhizosphere effects, with H-YM showing the highest sucrase activity, phosphatase activity, and microbial biomass carbon. However, intercropping modes reduced the rhizosphere effects of microbial biomass nitrogen and bacteria.(3)Under the three intercropping modes, the Shannon index of rhizosphere soil bacteria was higher than that of monoculture walnuts.(4)Intercropping could enhance the diversity of rhizosphere soil bacteria. Moreover, the diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms was mainly influenced by nutrients, while non-rhizosphere soil was primarily affected by enzyme activities. In conclusion, intercropping can increase the enrichment ratio of rhizosphere nutrients, enhance soil enzyme activities, and promote microbial proliferation. Among the four different planting modes, H-SS shows significant enrichment effects on TN, TP, and SOC in rhizosphere soil, and it also has the highest soil bacterial content. H-YM exhibits better enrichment effects on AP, AK, and exchangeable calcium in rhizosphere soil. Therefore, in practical production, intercropping with mulberry or corn can be chosen based on local farming practices to optimize land use and improve ecological benefits. This study is of great significance for the development of sustainable agriculture in the northwest Guangxi karst area and provides a scientific basis for agricultural production and ecological conservation in similar ecological environments. Additionally, this research offers new ideas and methods for promoting agricultural modernization and facilitating the rational utilization of land resources and improvements in the ecological environment in karst area.
      2024,44(3):439-451    [Abstract](392)    [PDF](124)
    • DOU Li1, ZHANG Wei2, QIN Menger1, LIANG Yueming3, PAN Fujing1*
      Seasonal variation of ecological stoichiometric characteristics of C, N and P in fine roots from karst forest and its influencing factors
      The ecological stoichiometry of fine root carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P)is considered to reflect the strategies whereby plants adapt to the soil environment. In order to gain an understanding of the seasonal variation in fine root C:N:P ratios in different forest types of karst ecosystem, we measured the C, N, and P contents and ratios of living and dead fine roots in shrubland and arbor forest, as well as the influence of abiotic and biotic factors. The results were as follows:(1)C, N, and P contents in the fine roots of arbor forest were higher than those of shrubland, thereby indicating that the fine roots of arbors may by characterized by a stronger absorption and storage of nutrients than those of shrubs. In addition, the contents of C in living fine roots were significantly higher than those in dead fine roots(P<0.05), but N and P contents in living fine roots were lower than those in dead fine roots.(2)It was found that the contents of C in the living and dead fine roots of the two forest types were lower during the rainy season than during the dry season. The N and P contents of living fine roots of shrubs were higher during the rainy season than those in dry season, the opposite pattern was observed for the living fine roots of arbors. During the rainy season, the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios of living fine roots in shrubland were lower than the values obtained during the dry season. Conversely, the C:N and C:P ratios of the living and dead fine roots of arbors were higher during the rainy season than in the dry season, whereas the values for the N:P ratio were lower during the rainy season than during the dry season. The lower N:P ratios of rainy season tended to indicate that plants in shrubland and arbor forest may be less P restricted during this season.(3)It was found that for both the living and dead fine roots of the two forest types, C contents were higher in trees growing on the upper slopes than in those growing on the middle and lower slopes, whereas the contents of N and P were higher in shrubs growing on the lower slopes and in arbors growing on the middle slopes. Furthermore, the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios of living and dead fine roots were found to be relatively higher in shrubs growing on the upper slopes. In the case of arbor forest, the C:N ratios of living and dead fine roots in trees growing on the lower slopes were higher than other slopes, however the C:P and N:P ratios in trees growing on the upper slopes were higher than those of trees growing at other slopes, indicating that trees under these two forest types were strongly influenced by P limitation in the upper slopes, but only weakly affected on the middle and lower slopes.(4)Redundancy analysis revealed that forest type, available phosphorus, and season were the main factors influencing the contents and ratios of C, N, and P nutrients in fine roots, and could explain 18.8%, 6.6%, and 6.5% of the observed variation, respectively. These findings indicate that the effects of changes in the N:P ratio associated with differences in forest type, season, and slope should be taken into consideration when vegetation restoration is promoted, which will contribute to accelerating the restoration of karst ecosystems.
      2024,44(3):452-464    [Abstract](358)    [PDF](126)
    • QIN Menger1, LI Zhen4, DOU Li1, LIANG Yueming3, ZHANG Wei2,WANG Jing5, PAN Fujing1*
      Effects of plant root exudates enzyme activities on rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and nutrients in karst areas
      In order to explore the activities of enzymes from plant root exudates affected rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and nutrients in karst areas, the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase( βG), β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase(NAG), leucine aminopeptidase(LAP), and acidic phosphatase(ACP)of fine root exudates and rhizosphere soils in four vegetation restoration stages, which are shrub-grassland, shrubland, shrub-arbor forest and arbor forest, were measured. And, their relationships with soil carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P)contents were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The four enzyme activities of rhizosphere soils and root exudates were significantly higher in the late stage of vegetation restoration than in the early stage of vegetation restoration. The enzyme activities C:P to N:P ratios of root exudates in arbor forest were significantly higher than those of other three stages, while the two parameters of rhizosphere soils were opposite.(2)Correlation analysis showed that the enzyme activities of root exudates were positively correlated with the corresponding soil enzyme activity. Compared with the enzyme activities of root exudates, the correlation between soil enzyme activity and related nutrients became significantly stronger. In addition, the enzyme activities of βG, NAG and LAP in rhizosphere soils and root exudates were positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)in rhizosphere soil, while the enzyme activities of ACP in rhizosphere soils and root exudates were positively correlated with available phosphorus(AP)in rhizosphere soil. The above results indicate that vegetation restoration has a positive effect on increasing enzyme activities of root exudates and soils. The enzymes of root exudates are the indispensable supplement for soils, and play an important role in promoting carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient cycling. To sum up, it will be that the regulation of root exudates and its enzyme activities may provide a new perspective for vegetation restoration in karst ecosystem.
      2024,44(3):465-476    [Abstract](298)    [PDF](128)
    • WANG Yixuan1, ZHU Ninghua1*, ZHOU Guangyi2, YUAN Xingming3, JIANG Dai1, DONG Yanyan1, YAN Runzhi3
      Study on the stand structure and soil physicochemical
      To explore the forest structure and soilphysicochemical properties of the artificial mixed forest of Pinus elliottii and Liriodendron chinense in the rocky desertification area of Western Hunan, taking Pinus elliottii and Liriodendron chinense artificial coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in the rocky desertification area of Western Hunan as the research object, this paper provides a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration, plantation structure optimization, and soil improvement in this area. The stand structure and soil physicochemical properties of existing stands were analyzed using plant community analysis and field sampling detection methods. Winklemass 1.0 was used to calculate the spatial structure parameters of the stands, and three-dimensional discrete random variables were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of dominant species. The results were as follows:(1)A total of trees of 897 plants·hm-2 with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥ 2 cm in the stand, belonging to 15 families and 16 genera. The main forest layer was Pinus elliottii, with an average DBH of 32.3 cm and an important value of 44.2%; the secondary forest layer was the broad-leaved tree, with the majority of young and middle-aged trees. Cinnamomum camphora and Liriodendron chinense were the dominant species, with important values of 17.1% and 13.2%, respectively. In addition, there were many natural regeneration species at the disadvantaged ecological niche.(2)The horizontal distribution pattern of trees tended to be random(W^-=0.503); the overall trend of forest stands tended to transition towards mediocrity and disadvantage(U^-=0.505); the degree of interspecific isolation was relatively high(M^-=0.689), and the mixed forest was in good condition. Three-dimensional discrete random variables of spatial structure parameters showed that 87.3% of Pinus elliottii was dominant and sub-dominant, 41.7% of Liriodendron chinense was sub-dominant, 26.9% was moderate, 23.5% of Cinnamomum camphora was moderate, 56.8% was inferior and absolute inferior.(3)The pH value of forest soil tended to be neutral; compared with abandoned land, the bulk density, water capacity, porosity, organic carbon, total potassium, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus of the forest soil had significantly improved. However, the forest soil was still relatively barren, with local soil compaction and poor water retention ability. To sum up, after 43 years of growth of Pinus elliottii and Liriodendron chinense as pioneer species, the stand has a trend of succession to the uneven-aged forest and intensive mixed forest. However, the number of young and middle-aged broad-leaved trees in the forest is relatively large, and faults appear in the near mature forest. The elderly coniferous trees occupy the dominant ecological location. Needles need to be drawn to supplement the broad-leaved trees, interspersed to cultivate the broad-leaved trees, and selective felling the inferior trees, to promote the structural succession of the forest with mainly sunny broad-leaved trees, followed by mesophytic and shade-tolerant broad-leaved trees. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for vegetation restoration, plantation structure optimization and soil improvement in the rocky desertification area of Western Hunan.
      2024,44(3):477-487    [Abstract](308)    [PDF](129)
      • 植物生态学
    • LIN Yizhe1, ZHU Yiyao2, FU Houhua1, MA Liang3, CHEN Shipin1*
      Phenotypic variation of Quercus phillyreoides populations on castle peak of South Fujian, China
      Castle peak is a mountain that resembles the appearance of a castle and protrudes above its surroundings. The phenotypes of Quercus phillyreoides(Fagaceae)populations located on castle peak in the Wushan Scenic Spot of southern Fujian, China, are variegated. It differs significantly from the original form in the presence of persistent yellow-brown stellate hairs on the leaf abaxial surface. To explain this phenomenon, the distribution of Q. phillyreoides populations at the summit of castle peak was investigated, where variant, original, and intermediate forms, as well as typical original populations at the foot of castle peak and another allopatric area, were studied. Differences in micromorphological traits were counted using ANOVA based on leaf epidermal anatomy. Ecological factors were linked with a view to discovering the causes of variation and possible pathways of evolution. The results were as follows:(1)The variant form formed an evergreen broad-leaved scrub community with it as the dominant species on the west side of the summit, and the small patch of scrub on the east side is dominated by the original form, with a few intermediate form individuals within the latter.(2)The densities of single trichome base(STB)and compound trichome base(CTB)in the leaf adaxial epidermis of various populations was very low or even less than 1 No.·mm-2, and the macroscopic expression was glabrous. The mean values of STB density of original, intermediate, and variant forms were increasing in the leaf abaxial epidermis. The mean density of CTB or typical stellate trichome(Tst)on the leaf abaxial epidermis varied from 0.481-1.122 No.·mm-2 to 57.2 No.·mm-2 in the variant form population compared with the original form populations, which macroscopically showed the formation of dense hairs. The stomatal length-width ratio increases from original form(1.187-1.205)to variant form(1.258).(3)ANOVA results showed that variant form leaf abaxial epidermal STB, CTB density and stomatal length-width ratio were significantly increased(larger)than the original form(P<0.01), but stomatal density and size did not show regularity and variability among populations(P>0.05). Poor soil, water and heat conditions at the summit of the Wushan castle peak, and combining the background with the obtained results indicate that the variation in the variant Q. phillyreoides leaf abaxial trichomes and stomatal aspect ratio were resistant to drought or temperature extremes. Since pollen flow has not been interrupted, the adaptive evolution of Q. phillyreoides due to specific habitats should be the main reason for this variation compared to geographical isolation. The microscopic traits showed no significant differences(P > 0.05)between the original form population on the top of castle peak and the rest original form populations confirms that the variation has been fixed by long-term selection and the short-term environmental influences play a limited role in shaping the variant traits. This study provides direct evidence that subtropical exceptional granitic landforms promote population differentiation and species formation.
      2024,44(3):488-500    [Abstract](308)    [PDF](130)
      • Physiology and Development
    • AN Jing1,2, WEI Xiaoli1,3*, YAO Yao1, JIN Nianqing1, WU Gaoyin1, WANG Xiao1
      properties of artificial mixed forests of Pinus elliottii
      The purpose of this study is to explore the survival strategy of Phoebe bournei seedlings in natural communities under extremely low light environment. Two-year-old seedlings of P. bournei were used as experimental materials.Leaf morphology, anatomical structure and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of P. bournei seedlings were measured by simulating different light environments(100%, 35% and 10% light transmittance), and to explore the internal relationship between seedling morphology, physiological plasticity and light adaptation. The results were as follows:(1)The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and specific leaf area(SLA)of seedlings increased with the decrease of light intensity. The leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and palisade/spongy(palisade tissue thickness/spongy tissue thickness)of 10% light transmittance were the minimum.(2)The net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), light utilization efficiency(LUE), photochemical quenching coefficient(qp), non photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ), effective photosynthetic quantum yield(Fv'/Fm')and potential photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fo)of photosystem Ⅱ of 35% light transmittance were significantly higher than those of 100% and 10% light transmittances.(3)Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total chlorophyll and maximal photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)all increased with the decrease of light intensity, but chlorophyll a/b decreased with the decrease of light intensity.(4)The phenotypic plasticity indexes of seedling structure and physiology showed that photosynthetic pigment content characteristics > morphological characteristics > photosynthetic characteristics > anatomical structure characteristics > chlorophyll fluorescence parameter characteristics, among which, the phenotypic plasticity indexes of leaf area, SLA, Pn, Gs, LUE and photosynthetic pigment content ranged from 0.455 to 0.755. To sum up, P. bournei seedlings are not suitable to grow under full light, and perform well under about 35% light transmittance; under extremely low light with 10% light transmittance, P. bournei leaves can improve light energy capture by increasing leaf area, SLA, Pn and photosynthetic pigment content; the seedlings of P. bournei mainly adapt to the low light environment by adjusting the plasticity of photosynthetic pigment content and morphology, coordinating with the changes of anatomical structure, photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter plasticity. This study can provide theoretical reference for the management and selection of light environment of P. bournei for future cultivation.
      2024,44(3):501-509    [Abstract](356)    [PDF](108)
    • REN Anqi, WEI Linxin, ZHANG Ruoxi, ZHANG Yuhan, LI Qingwei*
      and Liriodendron chinense in the rocky
      To optimize the growth of Prunus mume ‘Gulihong' seedlings through informed fertilization strategies, a comprehensive three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was designed, utilizing one-year-old ‘Gulihong' cuttings as the test material. We specifically investigated the impact of light substrate ratios(volume ratios), single fertilization amount, and fertilization frequencies on the growth and physiological characteristics of ‘Gulihong' seedlings. The quality index(QI)for each treatment was calculated utilizing a seedling quality index formula. Principal component analysis was subsequently performed on individual index, and weight coefficients were computed to elucidate the relationships between variables. The fertilization effect D value was ascertained using a membership function model. The results were as follows:(1)The overall growth of ‘Gulihong' seedlings was optimal with a pine needle soil:grass charcoal:perlite(volume ratio)of 1:2:2, outperforming the other two substrate ratios in terms of growth outcomes.(2)In fertilization treatments, the contents of the soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and photosynthetic parameters of ‘Gulihong' seedlings increased with higher fertilizer application rates. However, some indices plateaued or marginally decreased when the application rate was excessive, underscoring the necessity of balanced fertilization.(3)The nutrient contents in ‘Gulihong' leaves consistently increased with higher fertilizer application rates, highlighting the direct relationship between fertilization and nutrient uptake.(4)A fertilization frequency of 20 days and a single fertilization amount of 200 mL were conducive to biomass accumulation in ‘Gulihong' seedlings, promoting overall growth. Considering plant growth index, physiological index, nutrient content, QI, membership model, and principal component analysis results, the recommended light substrate fertilization program for one-year-old ‘Gulihong' seedlings comprises a nutrient solution with N=420 mg·L-1, P=217 mg·L-1, K=273 mg·L-1, pine needle soil:grass charcoal:perlite(volume ratios)=1:2:2, a single fertilization amount of 150 mL, and a fertilization frequency of 15 days. This conclusion provides a vital technical support for the light substrate cultivation of ‘Gulihong', indispensable theoretical support for further exploration of general formulas suitable for one-year-old P. mume seedlings, and holds significant implications for the scientific fertilization and export of P. mume, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of the industry.
      2024,44(3):510-520    [Abstract](326)    [PDF](106)
    • REN Heqin1,2, SUN Xueguang1,2*, YUAN Guiyun1,2, FENG Wanyan1,2
      desertification area of Western Hunan
      The distribution and subcellular localization of toxic metal ions in plant tissues are of great significance for plants to cope with metal stresses, which could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying plant metal tolerance. To explore the distribution of aluminum(Al)at the subcellular level after entering Pinus massoniana, four aluminum concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mmol·L-1 were set up in this study. The growth status of P. massoniana and the distribution characteristics of aluminum at the subcellular level under different Al concentrations were studied by pot experiment. The results were as follows:(1)P. massoniana exhibited significant growth enhancement under 0.5 mmol·L-1 Al treatment, and the biomass, seedling height, root length, as well as the number of lateral roots were all significantly promoted. However, higher Al concentrations(≥1 mmol·L-1)led to diminished growth promotion effects and inhibited root growth and cell viability in P. massoniana root tips.(2)Translocation of Al from roots to shoots in P. massoniana was limited. The absorbed Al was mainly deposited in the roots(P<0.05), although the accumulation of Al in the shoots increased along with the Al concentration increased.(3)At the subcellular level, different Al concentrations affected the proportions of absorbed Al deposited in cell walls and vacuoles. Under both 0.5 and 1.0 mmol·L-1Al treatments, the proportions of Al in both the cell walls and vacuoles of roots or shoots were all at higher levels compared with other cell components, and there was no significant difference between the Al contents of cell walls and vacuoles. However, at high Al concentration(2.0 mmol·L-1), a majority of deposited Al was found on the cell walls, accounting for 55% and 70% in root and shoot cells, respectively. In contrast, the Al contents in the organelles and cytoplasm maintained low levels of Al concentration treatments, which mitigated the adverse effects of Al on cellular functions. In summary, the presented results suggest that P. massoniana effectively adapted to Al stress through coordinated distribution and subcellular localization mechanisms for absorbed Al. This evokes the needs of further investigation of the adaptation mechanisms of P. massoniana to Al stress from both the cellular and molecular levels.
      2024,44(3):521-530    [Abstract](332)    [PDF](105)
    • WU Yilin, LI Hui, MA Hongna, LI Weizhong, TAN Longyan*
      Analysis of differentially expressed metabolites in Drynaria roosii rhizome in response to calcium stress
      Drynaria roosii is a typical epiphytic pteridophyte in Karst area, which lives on the surface or crevice of rocks mainly through its rhizome. The dried rhizome of D. roosii is used as medicine and has important medicinal value. In order to study the changes of metabolites in D. roosii rhizome under Ca2+ stress, the D. roosii rhizome under different concentrations(0, 600, 1 200 mmol·L-1)of Ca2+ stress was analyzed by using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS). The results were as follows:(1)A total of 64 differentially expressed metabolites were identified.(2)Forty-eight differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 0 mmol·L-1and 600 mmol·L-1 comparison group, 45 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 0 mmol·L-1 and 1 200 mmol·L-1 comparison group, and 44 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 600 and 1 200 mmol·L-1 comparison group.(3)The identified differentially expressed metabolites were classified into five categories according to their chemical classification information. In summary, Ca2+ stress affects the amino acid metabolism, flavonoids biosynthesis, lignin biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and other pathways of D. roosii rhizome. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, the key metabolites that response to Ca2+ stress in D. roosii rhizome are revealed. These results lay a foundation for further study on the regulatory mechanism of D. roosii adaptation to Ca2+ stress, and also provide a new idea for the quality improvement of medicinal materials of D. roosii rhizome.
      2024,44(3):531-540    [Abstract](294)    [PDF](124)
    • WU Qinxia1, HU Yuchen1, CHEN Ying1*, CHENG Le1, JU Dingshun1, LI Shouke2, CAO Fuliang1
      Responses of seed germination to low temperature storage in different cultivars of Xanthoceras sorbifolium
      To study the seed dormancy and germination mechanism of Xanthoceras sorbifolium, the seeds of four cultivars [‘Putong'(PT),‘Qihong'(QH), ‘Wofeng'(WF)and‘Woshi'(WS)] were stored at -20 ℃ for different periods(30, 60, 90, 120, 150 d). The seed germination indexes were determined in each treatment, and the changes of reserve substance and hormone content were also analyzed in three stages including before storage, after storage, and 7 days of germination. The results were as follows:(1)Cold storage could significantly promote the germination rate and germination potential of small seeds(PT, QH). The best treatment was cold storage for 60 d, and the germination rate was up to 48.3% and 58.3%, respectively. The effects of cold storage on large seeds(WF and WS )was lower than that of small seeds.(2)The kernel oil content, seed shell thickness(SST)in four cultivar seeds all decreased significantly during periods of cold storage and germination, especially in 3-7 days of germination, the oil content and SST(except WS cultivar)decreased notably. However, water content in kernels increased rapidly within 1-3 days of germination and then slowly increased to the peak value on the 7th day. The contents of soluble sugar in kernels increased significantly at the 3-4 days of germination.(3)Cold storage increased GA/ABA and tHor/ABA ratios in small seeds(PT, QH), promoted oil degradation, made seed shell thinning and break seed dormancy. In conclusion, the main factors leading to dormancy in X. sorbifolium seeds are larger in size, higher shell thickness and more hardness, physiological post-ripening, and belongs to comprehensive dormancy type. Cold storage at -20 ℃ for 60 d can improve the germination rate of PT, QH and WF seeds, reduces dormancy degree, while the cold storage time of WS seeds needs prolonging to 150 d. The method using -20 ℃ storage with wet sand germination is a rapid and simple method to promote X. sorbifolium seeds germination. This study provides a reference for the promotion of superior varieties and the research on the seed breaking dormancy mechanism in X. sorbifolium.
      2024,44(3):541-553    [Abstract](308)    [PDF](126)
    • YANG Shuoyuan, WANG Xiurong*, SHI Bingyang, CHEN Hongmei
      Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on growth, physiology and plant color of Thuidium kanedae
      Thuidium kanedae is a kind of moss with wide distribution and high landscape value. However, we lack information about the cultivation of T. kanedae. To investigate an appropriate scheme of fertilization for the growth and development of T. kanedae, pot culture experiments were conducted with no fertilization(CK)as control, using urea(N fertilizer), calcium superphosphate(P fertilizer)and potassium sulfate(K fertilizer)combination treatments, set three levels(1-3)fertilization schemes. We investigated the growth length, coverage and color ratio of T. kanedae in various treatments, and we confirmed the fertilization scheme conducive to its growth. At the same time, the changes of related physiological indexes of plants in the optimal fertilization scheme were measured to explore the effects of fertilizer on the growth and physiological characteristics of T. kanedae. The results were as follows:(1)The coverages of T. kanedae under N1 and N2P2K2 treatments were the highest and significantly higher than that of CK. The plant length under N1 and N2K2 treatments were the highest and larger than that of CK. The plants treated with N3P3K3 and N2P2K2 had the best green degree maintenance.(2)N fertilizer and combined application of NK and NPK had the best promotion effects on the growth of T. kanedae. Overall, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble sugar under these treatments were higher than that of CK, while the content of soluble protein was lower than that of CK.(3)The correlation analysis showed that the green proportion was highly significantly and positively correlated with the coverage, the growth length was highly significantly and negatively correlated with the chlorophyll content of the plant. The results of this study illustrate that different treatments of fertilizer have different effects on the growth and color of T. kanedae. N fertilizer should be the main fertilizer for T. kanedae, and P and K combined application should be supplemented. N2P2K2(N, P, K fertilization rates are 26, 14, 28 kg·hm-2·a-1 respectively)treatment has the best effects on the growth status and green degree of T. kanedae.
      2024,44(3):554-563    [Abstract](273)    [PDF](128)
    • LI Hongyan, OU Meijing, ZHAO Qiuju, LI Jiawei*
      Effects of punch needle diameters and calibration methods on leaf force to punch mechanical strength
      The leaf force to punch strength is one of the important indexes to reflect the mechanical resistance of the leaf, but the final result is affected by the needle diameter and calibration method. To analyze the influence of different punch needle diameters and calibration methods on force to punch measurement, the difference of leaf force to punch of 30 plants with parallel vein monocots and dicots with reticulate veins under different diameters punch needle and their calibrations with functional traits from the campus of Guangxi University were measured. The results were as follows:(1)The force to punch was calibrated based on the needle circumference, cross-section area and leaf thickness. The measured force to punch varied with needle diameter and calibration method.(2)The differences among the leaf force to punch of the three diameters punch needle were different under different calibration methods. Among them, there was no significant difference in the force to using punch needles with different diameters when calibrated by punch needles circumference and needles circumference combining the leaf thickness. When only using leaf thickness for calibration, the thicker the punch needles, the force to punch increased with needle diameters, but it decreased when only using the needle cross-section area or combining the cross-section area with the leaf thickness for calibration. In addition, the leaf force to punch of monocots was significantly higher than that of dicots.(3)As the variation range of force to punch across needle diameter was calculated for each species, the correlation between this variation range and leaf traits differed with calibration methods. Vein type, leaf density, leaf mass per area, cuticle thickness and vein density significantly influenced this range. Overall, needle diameters and calibration methods significantly affect the accuracy of leaf force to punch measurements across plant groups with different venation types. We advise carefully selecting perforation needles and calibration methods for force to punch measurements based on the research questions and studied plant groups. It is suggested that the punch needle with a diameter of 0.5 mm should be applied to the blade with large vein density and small leaf mass per area, but not to the hard leaves; the needle with a diameter of 2 mm should not be applied to the blade with large vein density and small leaf mass per area. It is more reasonable to choose the needle with a diameter of 1 mm and use its circumference for calibration in three diameters.
      2024,44(3):564-575    [Abstract](310)    [PDF](126)
    • LI Hongyan, OU Meijing, ZHAO Qiuju, LI Jiawei*
      Effects of punch needle diameters and calibration methods on leaf force to punch mechanical strength
      The leaf force to punch strength is one of the important indexes to reflect the mechanical resistance of the leaf, but the final result is affected by the needle diameter and calibration method. To analyze the influence of different punch needle diameters and calibration methods on force to punch measurement, the difference of leaf force to punch of 30 plants with parallel vein monocots and dicots with reticulate veins under different diameters punch needle and their calibrations with functional traits from the campus of Guangxi University were measured. The results were as follows:(1)The force to punch was calibrated based on the needle circumference, cross-section area and leaf thickness. The measured force to punch varied with needle diameter and calibration method.(2)The differences among the leaf force to punch of the three diameters punch needle were different under different calibration methods. Among them, there was no significant difference in the force to using punch needles with different diameters when calibrated by punch needles circumference and needles circumference combining the leaf thickness. When only using leaf thickness for calibration, the thicker the punch needles, the force to punch increased with needle diameters, but it decreased when only using the needle cross-section area or combining the cross-section area with the leaf thickness for calibration. In addition, the leaf force to punch of monocots was significantly higher than that of dicots.(3)As the variation range of force to punch across needle diameter was calculated for each species, the correlation between this variation range and leaf traits differed with calibration methods. Vein type, leaf density, leaf mass per area, cuticle thickness and vein density significantly influenced this range. Overall, needle diameters and calibration methods significantly affect the accuracy of leaf force to punch measurements across plant groups with different venation types. We advise carefully selecting perforation needles and calibration methods for force to punch measurements based on the research questions and studied plant groups. It is suggested that the punch needle with a diameter of 0.5 mm should be applied to the blade with large vein density and small leaf mass per area, but not to the hard leaves; the needle with a diameter of 2 mm should not be applied to the blade with large vein density and small leaf mass per area. It is more reasonable to choose the needle with a diameter of 1 mm and use its circumference for calibration in three diameters.
      2024,44(3):564-575    [Abstract](336)    [PDF](112)
    • ZHANG Furong1, WU Yanyou1,2*, ZHANG Kaiyan3
      Use of Δ15N value to estimate the relationship between inorganic nitrogen supply and nitrogen demand for Morus alba seedlings under different nitrate nitrogen concentrations
      Nitrate is predominant in the karst soils. However, the temporal and spatial heterogeneities are observed for the nitrate content in the soils. Hence, the Morus alba seedlings grown in karst regions may suffer from low nitrogen stress. In order to provide a scientific management of inorganic nitrogen for M. alba seedlings grown in karst regions, the M. alba seedlings were used as the experimental materials in this study. The M. alba seedlings were cultured hydroponically with a modified Hoagland solution. NaNO3, with a δ15N of 22.35‰, was employed as the sole nitrogen source at three concentrations(0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 mmol·L-1)in this study. The photosynthetic characteristics, dry weights, carbon contents, nitrogen contents and δ15N values of the leaves, stems and roots of the M. alba seedlings were measured in this study. The physiological responses to different nitrogen supply levels were analyzed for M. alba seedlings. The relationship between internal nitrogen demand and external nitrogen supply of M. alba seedlings was estimated based on the stable nitrogen isotope fractionation values at the whole-plant scale. The carbon-nitrogen coupling relationship was studied based on the nitrogen accumulation amount(NAA)and carbon accumulation amount(CAA)in the whole plant. The results were as follows:(1)When the nitrate nitrogen concentrations at 0.5, 2.0 mmol·L-1, increasing nitrate nitrogen concentrations significantly increased the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the M. alba seedlings, which in turn significantly promoted the biomass accumulation. However, when the nitrate nitrogen concentration exceeded 2.0 mmol·L-1, more nitrate nitrogen supply(8.0 mmol·L-1)did not lead to a significant increase in the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and biomass.(2)Increasing the nitrate nitrogen supply could promote the nitrogen assimilation in M. alba seedlings. The NAA in M. alba seedlings gradually increased with increasing nitrate nitrogen supply. However, the CAA in M. alba seedlings did not change significantly at nitrate nitrogen concentrations of 2.0 mmol·L-1 and 8.0 mmol·L-1.(3)The stable nitrogen isotope fractionation values of the nitrate nitrogen assimilates in the whole M. alba seedlings reached the minimum value at 2.0 mmol·L-1. Therefore, the inorganic nitrogen supply at the nitrate nitrogen concentration of 2.0 mmol·L-1 is close to the internal nitrogen demand of M. alba seedlings, and the close balance between external nitrogen supply and internal nitrogen demand of the plants means an effective coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants, thus achieving a simultaneous increase in carbon and nitrogen assimilates.
      2024,44(3):576-585    [Abstract](306)    [PDF](126)
    • LUO Yanglan1, WANG Canqin1*, HU Xiuyue2, LAN Taoju1, WEI Shiyan1, WEI Jiaojun1, WU Shengjin1
      UHPLC-MS/MS-based metabolomic characterization and contrastive analysis in Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated with three different substrates
      Due to excellent characteristics, there is a vast planting area of eucalyptus in China. Its cultivation, production and processing processes will produce a large number of eucalyptus bark and sawdust, of which surplus resources are rich. It has been reported to cultivate edible fungi using eucalyptus sawdust. To analyze the difference of metabolites and their pathways in Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated with three different substrates among eucalyptus bark, eucalyptus sawdust and miscellaneous sawdust. Based on the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)technique, an untargeted metabolomic study was performed on the differences metabolites of fruit bodies of Pleurotus pulmonarius under different cultivation substrates by and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis(OPLS-DA). The results were as follows:(1)The screening results based on Value Importance in Projection(VIP)>1 and T test P<0.05 showed that there were 45 differential metabolites and eight differential metabolite pathways between treatment Group B(eucalyptus sawdust)and control Group A(miscellaneous sawdust), 53 differential metabolites and 15 differential metabolite pathways between treatment Group C(eucalyptus sawdust)and control Group A, and 39 differential metabolites and five differential metabolite pathways between treatments Group B and Group C, respectively.(2)According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment metabolic pathway, four significant metabolic pathways were obtained between treatment Group C and control Group A, including arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and treatment groups B and C obtained one significant metabolic pathway which was Histidine metabolism, while there was no significant metabolic pathway between treatment Group B and control Group A(P>0.05). In conclusion, using the by-products of eucalyptus processing(eucalyptus bark and eucalyptus sawdust)as the main cultivation substrates of P. pulmonarius, especially eucalyptus sawdust, can realize resource recycling, reduce production costs and improve economic benefits. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of eucalyptus processing by-products in the cultivation of edible fungi.
      2024,44(3):586-599    [Abstract](254)    [PDF](121)
      • Ethnobotanist
    • ZHENG Mengfei1,2, DENG Zhongjian1, LIU Zhuozhi3, GU Xu1*
      Characteristics of ancient trees in different urbanization rates areas of Yi nationality in Yunnan Province
      The urbanization undoubtedly has a significant impact on minority cultures and the natural environment from which minority cultures are born, and they are closely intertwined in the birth and preservation of cultural diversity. Ancient trees, known as green cultural relics, are the resources retained by human cultures, which form important bases for studying regional vegetation and national cultures, since it can yield valuable insights into the intricate connections between nature and human societies, shedding light on how the natural environment both shapes and is influenced by cultural expressions. In the present study, we surveyed the ancient trees of seven towns with different urbanization rates in Chuxiong City, the main habitation area of Yi nationality in Yunnan Province, in order to explore the influence of urbanization development on minority cultures reflected by the characteristics of ancient trees. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 301 ancient trees were recorded, belonging to 26 species, 22 genera, and 16 families. Pistacia chinensis, Platycladus orientalis and Camellia reticulata were dominant species, accounting for more than 75% of the total number of ancient tree individuals.(2)Although Lucheng Town and Donggua Town were with the highest urbanization rate, while Ziwu Town was with the lowest urbanization rate, they all exhibited a high level of ancient tree diversity, with most of such ancient trees aggregatedly distributed around temples, parks and schools.(3)The species composition and distribution of ancient trees in Lucheng Town and Donggua Town with the highest urbanization rate reflected the foreign culture influence, while Ziwu Town with the lowest rate had more native species from the “God forests” of Yi nationality.(4)Towns with a high proportion of Yi nationality had neither higher diversity of ancient trees nor more “God forests” species. To sum up, in the process of urbanization development, ethnic minority cultures are faced with the dilemma of gradual loss, which further affects the composition and spatial distribution characteristics of regional ancient trees. Enhancing the safeguarding of ancient trees and fostering the preservation of national cultures are mutually reinforcing endeavors.
      2024,44(3):600-610    [Abstract](262)    [PDF](118)

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