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作者简介:

马筱(1994-),硕士,研究实习员,主要从事植物生态学研究,(E-mail)maxiao1061@163.com。

通讯作者:

崔现亮,硕士,副教授,主要从事植物生态学研究,(E-mail)cuixianliang1234@163.com。

中图分类号:Q948

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2022)12-2064-11

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202101023

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目录contents

    摘要

    紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)是一种生态危害性较大的入侵植物。为探讨不同入侵程度下紫茎泽兰的化学计量特征,进一步揭示其营养策略与入侵机制,该研究以紫茎泽兰及其本土伴生种条叶猪屎豆(Crotalaria linifolia)为对象,测定研究了轻度入侵、中度入侵和重度入侵下紫茎泽兰根、茎、叶中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征与其入侵地土壤养分状况,并进一步比较了紫茎泽兰和条叶猪屎豆的C、N、P化学计量特征。结果表明:(1)3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰叶N、P含量均显著大于根和茎N、P含量,将更多的N和P分配至叶,增加资源获取,以利快速生长。(2)3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰茎N∶P<根N∶P<叶N∶P,且茎N∶P在中度入侵下显著大于轻度入侵,在入侵过程中其茎呈现出较高的生长速率,可促进其获取更多环境资源,增强生长竞争优势。(3)与本土种条叶猪屎豆相比,紫茎泽兰具有更高的根P、茎P含量,根和茎C∶P、N∶P均显著小于条叶猪屎豆,各器官C∶N均显著大于条叶猪屎豆,显示出较高的养分利用效率及较低的资源需求量。(4)紫茎泽兰茎C和叶C、茎N和叶N均呈显著正相关,茎C∶P与根C∶P存在极显著负相关,说明对能量和资源的分配在生长和贮存之间存在权衡。研究认为,紫茎泽兰在入侵过程中采取增加地上部分的资源分配与利用以利于快速生长,同时具有较高的资源获取能力及较低的资源需求量,进而提高竞争能力,成为一种重要的入侵策略,促进其成功入侵。

    Abstract

    Ageratina adenophora is an invasive plant with great ecological harm. In order to explore the stoichiometric characteristics, nutritional strategy and successful invasion mechanism of A. adenophora with different degrees of mild invasion, moderate invasion and severe invasion, we measured carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P)contents and their stoichiometric characteristics of soils, plant nutritive organs and comparing these with a coexisting native species, Crotalaria linifolia. The results were as follows : (1) The contents of N and P in the leaves of A. adenophora were significantly greater than those in the roots and stems in the three invasive degrees, indicating that N and P elements were more allocated to the leaves to increase resource acquisition and rapid growth. (2) Stem N∶P<root N∶P<leaf N∶P of A. adenophora in the three invasive degrees, and the stem N∶P of moderate invasion was significantly higher than that of mild invasion, suggesting that the greatest relative growth could occur in stem during invasion to absorb more resources and increase competitiveness. (3) P contents in stems and roots, C∶N in nutritive organs of A. adenophora were significantly higher than that of C. linifolia. C∶P, N∶P in both stems and roots of A. adenophora were significantly lower than that of C. linifolia, implying that A. adenophora had strong utilization but low requirements of resources. (4) Significant positive correlations were found between stem C and leaf C, and between stem N and leaf N of A. adenophora, while there was a significant negative correlation between stem C∶P and root C∶P, indicating a trade-off between growth and storage of energy and resource allocation. The study suggests that A. adenophora may increase the allocation and utilization of the aboveground resources during invasion, which is conducive to rapid growth, and at the same time, it has higter utilization but lower requirements of resource demand, which all contribute to increase competitiveness and successful invasion of A. adenophora.

  • 紫茎泽兰(Ageratinaadenophora)为菊科(Asteraceae)多年生草本,原产于美洲(中国植物志,1985)。紫茎泽兰作为一种在热带、亚热带地区均有分布的入侵植物,在30多个国家和地区造成不良后果(强胜,1998; 李霞霞等,2017)。在我国,因紫茎泽兰的入侵而造成的林业、农业、畜牧业等产业损失巨大,成为侵染性最强的外来植物(Wang &Wang,2006; 陈军等,2010)。紫茎泽兰在中国最早报道于20世纪40年代,来源于云南省中缅边境地区(强胜,1998),我国原环保总局在2003年将其列入最重要的16种外来入侵生物名单(肖正清等,2009)。目前,国内外针对紫茎泽兰开展的研究主要集中在生物生态学特征(Sang et al.,2010; Wang et al.,2013; 张红香与周道玮,2016)、基因与遗传(周凌娟,2006; 宫伟娜,2009; 杨林秀等,2017)、化感作用(成思轩等,2020; 刘朦等,2020)、入侵的生态效应(Xin et al.,2013; 江聪等,2019; 柳旭等,2019)、防治与利用(朱文达等,2013; 李余钊等,2020)等方面。

  • 生态化学计量学的研究在于阐释生物化学元素组成及其生长繁殖之间的关系,通过分析生态相互作用过程能量和元素的平衡来实现(González et al.,2010)。植物的生长与生理代谢活动离不开蛋白质、核酸、磷脂、三磷酸腺苷(triphosadenine,ATP)等物质,而碳(carbon,C)、氮(nitrogen,N)、磷(phosphorus,P)作为这些重要物质的主要元素,与植物的生存息息相关(贺金生与韩兴国,2010)。植物在生境中的养分吸收和利用情况可以由生态化学计量特征反映出来(Elser,2006)。对入侵植物而言,C、N、P化学计量特征可以表征其生长速率和入侵扩张能力( Elser,2006; Demars &Edwards,2007; González et al.,2010)。在叶片N、P含量及其化学计量特征方面开展研究,对明确生态系统中入侵植物及本土植物的养分分配机制(王满莲和冯玉龙,2005),探究入侵物种与生境中土壤N、P有效性关系等方面具有重要价值(陆建忠等,2005; 于兴军等,2005)。入侵物种的成功入侵与其较快的生长速率和较强的资源竞争优势密不可分( González et al.,2010)。入侵物种在入侵过程中可能采取的策略,包括利用充足养分实现快速生长和大量繁殖的“竞争优势策略”,以及养分贫乏时的“耐受策略”或“资源保护策略”,均可促进其竞争能力的提高,最终排除本地物种( Funk &Vitousek,2007)。国内外学者对入侵植物的化学计量学虽有较多研究(González et al.,2010; Kurokawa et al.,2010; 林威鹏等,2014),但对于紫茎泽兰的生态化学计量学研究罕见报道。前人的研究表明,紫茎泽兰吸收和利用资源的能力较强,同时对土壤养分还具有活化作用(Niu et al.,2007; 蒋智林等,2008)。由于紫茎泽兰对生境中C、N、P的利用和分配状况以及采取的营养策略或许与其入侵性相关,因此值得进行深入研究。

  • 本研究测定了3种入侵程度下紫茎泽兰各器官C、N、P化学计量,分析其入侵过程中的资源利用状况以及资源分配特征,并对中度入侵紫茎泽兰和本土伴生种条叶猪屎豆(Crotalaria linifolia)化学计量特征进行比较,进一步分析其养分利用策略,探讨其生态化学计量与入侵性之间的关系,为紫茎泽兰的相关防控工作提供科学依据。

  • 1 材料与方法

  • 1.1 研究区概况

  • 研究区位于云南省普洱市思茅区市郊废弃耕地(101°0′20.73″ E、22°45′9.97″ N),海拔1 250~1 299 m。该地域受亚热带季风气候影响,夏无酷暑,冬无严寒,干湿季分明,年均气温为15~20.3℃,年均降雨量为1 100~2 780 mm。境内群山起伏,山地面积占98.3%(马品等,2020)。

  • 1.2 样品采集和处理

  • 1.2.1 样品采集

  • 2020年6月在研究区内选取紫茎泽兰单种盖度在70%以上、30%~70%、30%以下,生境条件较为一致的入侵区域分别作为该入侵植物的重度(H)、中度(M)和轻度(L)入侵地。每种入侵程度区域内设置5个5 m × 5 m样方,每个样方采集10~15株生长良好的紫茎泽兰完整植株。在中度入侵样方中采集伴生种条叶猪屎豆10~15株。在每一样方中取5~7株目标植物根系抖落的土,按四分法取200~300 g的土样,并做标记。

  • 在实际采样中,采集的紫茎泽兰单种盖度在轻度入侵为10%~25%、中度入侵为42%~60%、重度入侵为80%~92%。主要的伴生植物多以入侵植物为主:轻度入侵区域有藿香蓟(Ageratum conyzoides)、鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、飞机草(Chromolaena odoratum)、野茼蒿(Crassocephalumcrepidioides)、牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)、条叶猪屎豆; 中度入侵区域主要有条叶猪屎豆、棒头草(Polypogon fugax)、蓝花野茼蒿(Crassocephalumrubens)、野茼蒿、藿香蓟、白背枫(Buddleja asiatica); 重度入侵区域主要有黄花棯(Sida acuta)、云南地桃花(Urena lobata var. yunnanensis)、艾(Artemisia argyi)等。

  • 1.2.2 样品处理

  • 将采集的植物带回实验室,用清水冲洗表面泥土,随后用吸水纸擦干水分,将植物根、茎、叶各部位分开,在105℃烘箱中杀青处理30 min,80℃烘干至恒重,将得到的植物样品粉碎过100目筛,贴好标签保存,以备分析用。对野外采回的土壤样品先进行自然干燥并研磨处理,再过100目筛,用铝盒干燥保存待用。

  • 1.3 C、N、P含量的测定

  • 植物和土壤有机碳的测定均采用中华人民共和国国家环境保护标准(HJ 695—2014)燃烧氧化-非分散红外法; 土壤全氮测定采用中华人民共和国农业行业标准(NY/T1121.24—2012)自动定氮仪法; 植株全氮测定采用中华人民共和国农业行业标准(NY/T2017—2011)硫酸-过氧化氢消煮自动定氮仪法; 土壤全磷测定采用中华人民共和国农业行业标准(NY/T88—1988)氢氧化钠熔融-钼锑抗比色法; 植株全磷测定采用中华人民共和国农业行业标准(NY/T2017—2011)钼锑抗吸光光度法。

  • 1.4 数据处理与分析

  • 使用SPSS 25.0软件对数据进行处理,以单因素(one-way ANOVA)对紫茎泽兰各器官(根、茎、叶)之间、不同入侵程度之间C、N、P含量以及元素比(C∶N、C∶P、N∶P)进行方差分析; 用LSD法进行多重比较; 采取Pearson双尾检验对紫茎泽兰各器官 C、N、P 含量和元素比与土壤C、N、P之间进行相关性分析; 以单因素(one-way ANOVA)分析紫茎泽兰和条叶猪屎豆在中度入侵下C、N、P含量以及元素比的差异。全部数据利用Excel软件整理和作图。

  • 表1 3种入侵程度紫茎泽兰土壤C、N、P含量特征

  • Table1 Soil C, N, P content characteristics in three invasion degrees for Ageratinaadenophora

  • 注: 不同小写字母表示不同入侵程度之间土壤C、N、P含量差异显著(P<0.05); 表中数据为平均值±标准误差; L、M、H分别表示3种入侵程度(轻度、中度、重度)。

  • Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in soil C, N, P contents between three invasion degrees ( P<0.05) ; data is x-±sx-; L, M, H respectively indicate mild, moderate, severe invasive degrees.

  • 2 结果与分析

  • 2.1 3种入侵程度土壤C、N、P含量特征

  • 由表1可知,土壤有机碳随着入侵程度的加深而逐渐升高,且紫茎泽兰重度入侵地土壤有机碳含量(6.929 g·kg-1)显著高于轻度入侵地(4.865 g·kg-1)(P<0.05); 而土壤全氮含量与全磷含量在3种入侵程度下均未表现出显著差异(P>0.05)。

  • 2.2 3种入侵程度的紫茎泽兰各器官C、N、P含量特征

  • 由表2可知,不同入侵程度下,N含量在根、茎中均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05); 叶中N含量表现出中度入侵>重度入侵>轻度入侵(P<0.05)。根中P含量表现出重度入侵显著小于轻度和中度入侵(P<0.05); 茎、叶中P含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。不同入侵程度下根中有机C含量差异不显著(P>0.05),茎、叶中有机C在重度入侵下显著下降(P<0.05)。

  • 3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰叶N>根N>茎N(P<0.05); 轻度入侵和中度入侵下,叶P>根P>茎P(P<0.05),茎有机C>叶有机C>根有机C(P<0.05); 重度入侵下,叶P显著大于茎P和根P(P<0.05),叶有机C和茎有机C显著大于根有机C(P<0.05)。

  • 2.3 3种入侵程度的紫茎泽兰各器官碳、氮、磷元素比

  • 由图1:A可知,不同入侵程度下的紫茎泽兰C∶N值在根中均无明显差别(P>0.05),在茎、叶中均表现为轻度入侵显著大于中度和重度入侵(P<0.05)。由图1: B可知,C∶P在根中表现为重度入侵显著大于轻度和中度入侵(P<0.05),茎C∶P在轻度入侵下最大且显著大于中度和重度入侵(P<0.05),叶C∶P在中度入侵下显著小于轻度入侵和重度入侵(P<0.05)。根N∶P在不同入侵程度间差异不显著(P>0.05),茎N∶P为中度入侵显著大于轻度入侵(P<0.05),叶N∶P在重度入侵下最大且显著大于轻度入侵(P<0.05)(图1:C)。3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰C∶N及C∶P均为茎>根>叶(P<0.05),N∶P均为叶>根>茎(P<0.05)。

  • 表2 不同入侵程度紫茎泽兰各器官C、N、P含量特征

  • Table2 C, N, P content characteristics of nutritive organs for Ageratinaadenophora in different invasion degrees

  • 注: 不同小写字母表示不同入侵程度之间根(或茎或叶)有机C、N、P含量差异显著(P<0.05); 不同大写字母表示同一入侵程度根、茎、叶之间有机C、N、P含量差异显著(P<0.05)。

  • Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in root ( or stem or leaf) organic C, N, P contents between three invasion degrees (P<0.05) ; different capital letters indicate significant differences in organic C, N, P contents between organs (root, stem and leaf) (P<0.05) .

  • 2.4 紫茎泽兰与条叶猪屎豆根、茎、叶化学计量特征比较

  • 由表3可知,在中度入侵生境下,入侵种紫茎泽兰与伴生种条叶猪屎豆相比较,紫茎泽兰各器官中N含量均显著较小(P<0.05),P含量在各器官中均表现为紫茎泽兰大于条叶猪屎豆,且在根、茎中差异显著(P<0.05),紫茎泽兰叶有机C含量显著小于条叶猪屎豆(P<0.05),其余器官中两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。由图2:A可知,紫茎泽兰各器官中C∶N均显著大于条叶猪屎豆(P<0.05),各器官N∶P(图2:C)及根与茎C∶P(图2:B)均显著小于条叶猪屎豆(P<0.05)。

  • 图1 不同入侵程度紫茎泽兰根茎叶 C∶N(A)、C∶P(B)和N∶P(C)

  • Fig.1 C∶N (A) , C∶P (B) and N∶ P (C) of organs for Ageratinaadenophora in three invasion degrees

  • 表3 紫茎泽兰与条叶猪屎豆各器官有机碳、氮、磷含量比较

  • Table3 Comparison of organic C, N and P contents in nutritive organs between Ageratinaadenophora and Crotalaria linifolia

  • 注: 不同小写字母表示紫茎泽兰和条叶猪屎豆之间各器官化学计量差异显著(P<0.05); 不同大写字母表示同一植物不同器官(根、茎、叶)之间化学计量差异显著(P<0.05)。

  • Note: Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in element ratios of organs between Ageratinaadenophora and Crotalaria linifolia (P<0.05) ; different capital letters indicate significant differences in element ratios between organs (root, stem and leaf) (P<0.05) .

  • 2.5 紫茎泽兰不同器官C、N、P及其计量比相关性

  • 由表4可知,紫茎泽兰化学计量与土壤元素之间的相关性分析显示,紫茎泽兰叶C含量以及叶C∶N与土壤有机C含量之间显著负相关(P<0.05),其余各器官的C、N、P与土壤有机C、全N、全P均无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。

  • 由表5可知,紫茎泽兰C、N在茎、叶中呈显著或极显著正相关。根P与根N、叶C、茎C之间显著或极显著正相关。叶P和茎C、叶N之间显著正相关(P<0.05),茎P和茎N、叶N之间极显著正相关(P<0.01)。由表6可知,同一计量比,根C∶P与茎C∶P极显著负相关(P<0.01),茎C∶N与叶C∶N极显著正相关(P<0.01)。不同计量比,根C∶P与根C∶N、叶N∶P显著正相关(P<0.05),叶C∶N与叶C∶P、茎C∶P,茎C∶N与茎C∶P之间极显著正相关(P<0.01)。根C∶N与根N∶P,叶C∶N与茎和叶N∶P,茎C∶N与茎N∶P、叶N∶P,叶N∶P与茎C∶P之间显著或极显著负相关。

  • 图2 紫茎泽兰和条叶猪屎豆根、茎、叶化学计量特征

  • Fig.2 Stoichiometric characteristics of roots, stems and leaves of Ageratinaadenophora and Crotalaria linifolia

  • 3 讨论与结论

  • 土壤C、N、P含量代表着生境的营养水平(Sitters et al.,2015)。研究外来植物对入侵地土壤养分循环的改变有助于指导对于入侵植物引起的自然生态影响的全面评估(Windham,2001)。相关研究表明,紫茎泽兰入侵后,土壤养分含量会发生明显变化,入侵地的有机碳、硝态氮、铵态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均显著上升,而总氮、总磷水平未发生明显改变(牛红榜等,2007)。本研究结果基本与其相符,即不同入侵程度的紫茎泽兰对土壤全氮、全磷的影响均不显著,重度入侵情况下有机碳含量发生显著增加,相关性分析也显示其叶C及叶C∶N与土壤C有显著负相关。这说明紫茎泽兰入侵后可能造成土壤养分发生变化,使土壤中可直接吸收利用的资源增加,进而有利于在入侵地中的生长与竞争。

  • N、P作为重要的养分因子,对大多数生态系统中的植物生长都具有限制作用(Vitousek &Howarth,1991)。植物叶N∶P值对探讨生态系统的限制性元素具有指向性作用(Makino et al.,2003; González et al.,2010)。 Koerselman和Arthur(1996)研究表明,当植物N∶P<14时,植物生长的限制性元素为N; 当植物N∶P>16时,植物生长的限制性元素为P; 当N∶P介于两者之间时,为两者共同限制或两者都不限制。由该理论可知,本研究中紫茎泽兰各入侵程度下的叶N∶P<14,表明N对该生境中紫茎泽兰的生存具有限制作用。生态系统中N资源的增加对外来物种的入侵是有利的(Maron &Connors,1996),王满莲和冯玉龙(2005)对紫茎泽兰的研究发现,氮元素增加对其生长具有很大促进效应,在氮资源较少的环境下,紫茎泽兰生长较慢,竞争能力较弱,而当环境中氮资源较充足的情况下,紫茎泽兰生长变快,株高与分枝数增加,叶面积指数上升,竞争能力明显得到加强,可促进其在与本地物种的竞争过程中占领生境; 本研究结果也表明N在紫茎泽兰入侵扩张中具有决定性作用。

  • 入侵植物在对资源的利用方面具有较大优势,其获取与积累N、P元素较多,是其具有的一种入侵策略,帮助其顺利入侵(王维奇等,2011; 马明睿等,2014; 张梅等,2019)。本研究中,随着入侵程度的加深,紫茎泽兰根、茎中的N含量无显著变化,叶N含量在中度和重度入侵下显著升高。紫茎泽兰的重要入侵策略之一是N在光合机构和防御系统间的权衡分配,入侵过程中会将更多的N分配到叶(Feng et al.,2009; Lei et al.,2011),本研究得到的结果与其一致; 较高的叶片氮含量代表了植物具有较高的资源捕获能力(Jo et al.,2015),说明紫茎泽兰以此增加竞争优势。P含量在紫茎泽兰各器官中的分配表现出中度入侵下,茎P、叶P含量未发生显著变化,重度入侵时根P含量显著下降,说明伴随着紫茎泽兰的入侵,P对地下部分的分配发生减少,表明不同入侵程度下紫茎泽兰的资源分配策略有所不同。植物生长过程中,面对有限资源,在生长与防御之间存在权衡分配的机制,C、N、P在体内的组成及分配具有相关性(Daniel &William,1992; Mole,1994; Yoshida,2006)。本研究中,紫茎泽兰不同器官C、N、P含量及其计量比存在显著耦合关系。其中,茎和叶中的C、N均达到显著正相关,表明紫茎泽兰地上器官对C、N元素是均衡分配的; 而根C∶P与茎C∶P存在极显著负相关,说明紫茎泽兰在入侵过程中,出现了地上部分和地下部分资源分配的调整,对于能量和资源的分配在生长和贮存之间存在权衡,可能是其入侵过程中的一种内在机制。3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰均表现出叶N、P含量显著大于根和茎N、P含量,这与在入侵植物红毛草(陈文等,2020)上的研究结果相似,进一步反映出紫茎泽兰在入侵地,将更多的N和P分配至叶,增加资源获取,快速生长。本研究中,紫茎泽兰叶N含量(21.96~27.54 g·kg-1)和叶P含量(2.60~3.06 g·kg-1)与胡超臣等(2016)研究中紫茎泽兰的叶片N、P的含量结果相近,与前人研究中的其他入侵植物相比,叶N含量和叶P含量高于黄顶菊(N含量为16.46~21.20 g·kg-1,P含量为0.73~1.85 g·kg-1)(屠臣阳等,2013); 而叶P含量低于加拿大一枝黄花(3.31 g·kg-1)(马明睿等,2014),但总体相差不大,说明入侵植物在养分吸收利用方面具有的共同特征。另外,与已有研究中关于中国东部654种陆地植物(任书杰等,2007),以及中国753种植物(Han et al.,2005)的化学计量特征进行比较,也发现紫茎泽兰叶N含量、叶P含量均更高,不难看出紫茎泽兰对于N、P元素的较高吸收利用能力,对其入侵成功至关重要。

  • 表4 紫茎泽兰根、茎、叶和生境土壤C、N、P及其化学计量的相关性

  • Table4 Relationship of C, N, P contents among roots, stems, leaves and habitat soil of Ageratinaadenophora

  • 注: *表示0.05水平上差异显著; **表示0.01水平上差异显著。下同。

  • Note: *indicates significant differences at 0.05 level; **indicates extremely significant differences at 0.01 level. The same below.

  • 表5 紫茎泽兰根、茎、叶化学元素含量相关性

  • Table5 Correlations between chemical element contents of roots, stems and leaves of Ageratinaadenophora

  • 表6 紫茎泽兰根、茎、叶化学元素计量比的相关性

  • Table6 Correlations between chemical element ratios of roots, stems and leaves of Ageratinaadenophora

  • 通过对植物的化学计量元素比进行测定可推知其采取的营养对策与其生长过程的速度(Elser et al.,2010; Penuelas et al.,2010; Sardans &Penuelas,2012)。Elser等(2003)研究表明,生长速率的改变可通过C、N、P的比值反映出来,特别是低N∶P及低C∶P,指示高生长速率。本研究中,3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰的茎N∶P<根N∶P<叶N∶P,且中度入侵下的茎N∶P显著高于轻度入侵,说明随着紫茎泽兰的入侵,其茎呈现出较高的生长速率,这可能还与其茎上的须状气生根具有萌发根芽的特性有关,使其能够进行无性繁殖(向业勋,1991),可促进其获取更多环境资源,增强生长竞争优势。

  • 外来种具有比本土种更高的环境资源吸收和利用率,且较少的资源需求量以战胜本土种(James &Drenovsky,2007; González et al.,2010; 袁伟影等,2017)。胡超臣等(2016)对西双版纳外来入侵植物飞机草和紫茎泽兰及其共存种叶片氮、磷化学计量特征研究发现,紫茎泽兰和飞机草N、P的含量与本地种相比显著更高,入侵植物对N、P较强的获取与富集能力,对其在生境中的竞争有利,使其最终能成功定殖,扩大种群,排除本地物种; 而本研究中也发现了类似的现象,与本土伴生种条叶猪屎豆相比,入侵种紫茎泽兰具有更高根P、茎P的含量。植物组织低N∶P、C∶P可表征其快速生长(Makino et al.,2003; González et al.,2010),植物C∶N高表明其碳同化效率较大,而生长速度较慢,所需要的养分较少(Rahmat et al.,2009)。紫茎泽兰根和茎的C∶P、N∶P均显著小于条叶猪屎豆,各器官C∶N均显著大于条叶猪屎豆,反映出紫茎泽兰具有较高的生长速率,较少的资源需求量,采取了生长竞争策略,帮助其在入侵过程中迅速占据优势。

  • 综上所述,通过对轻度、中度、重度入侵程度下紫茎泽兰根、茎、叶生态化学计量特征进行探究发现,紫茎泽兰在入侵过程中采取增加地上部分的资源分配与利用以利于快速生长,从而提高竞争能力,与本土伴生种条叶猪屎豆相比,紫茎泽兰吸收和利用养分的效率较高,且具有较低的资源需求量,均有助于其获取更多环境资源,以生长竞争策略促进其成功入侵。本研究结果从化学计量学角度反映了紫茎泽兰的入侵机制,可以为紫茎泽兰入侵的预测和防控提供思路。

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