摘要: |
以秦巴山区 3 种人参属药用植物为研究对象,运用生物信息学技术分析其叶绿体基因组特征及密码子使用偏好性等,明确珠子参、羽叶三七和秀丽假人参 3 种药用植物叶绿体基因组特征与系统发育关系,为珠子参药材的分子鉴定提供依据。结果得到:(1)3 种人参属药用植物的叶绿体基因组为典型的四分体结构,序列全长为 156 071~156 104 bp,总 GC 含量为38.10%,基因组大小相似度较高;(2)均注释到 133 个基因,包括 88 个蛋白编码基因、37 个tRNA基因和 8 个 rRNA 基因;(3)3 种人参属药用植物叶绿体密码子使用偏好性相似,密码子第 3 位碱基以 A/U 结尾为主,密码子使用模式在受到突变影响的同时,主要受到自然选择的影响;(4)系统发育结果表明 3 种人参属药用植物的亲缘关系较近,且秀丽假人参同羽叶三七亲缘关系更近。该研究表明秀丽假人参与珠子参基源植物之间存在近源关系,这项发现对于珠子参中药材资源的开发利用具有重要意义,并为进一步研究人参属物种的分类、系统发育和进化机制提供重要依据。 |
关键词: 珠子参,羽叶三七,秀丽假人参,叶绿体基因组,结构特征,密码子偏好性 |
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基金项目:陕西省科技厅项目(2021SF-360);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目(2021-I2M-1-032);陕西省优秀中医药人才研修项目(陕中医药涵[2022]102号) |
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Analysis of the chloroplast genome characteristics of three medicinal plants of Panax in the Qinba Mountains |
PENG Yidan, MA Na, YE Yihan, LIU Yixin, TAN Qiyi, CHEN Ying, ZHANG Yuqu, YANG Xinjie
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Abstract: |
Based on three medicinal plants of Panax in the Qinba Mountain area, this study analyses the chloroplast genome characteristics and codon usage preferences by using bioinformatics techniques to clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the chloroplast genome characteristics of three medicinal plants, P. japonicus var. major,P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus,P. pseudoginseng var. elegantior, and to provide a basis for molecular identification of Rhizoma panacis majoris. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genomes of three species of Panax were typical tetrad structure, the genome size was between 156 071 to 156 104 bp, and the total GC-content was 38.10% with a high degree of genome size similarity; (2) 133 coding genes were annotated, including 88 protein coding genes (PCGs), 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes with a high degree of genome size similarity; (3) The chloroplast codon usage preferences of the three medicinal plants were comparable, with Codon 3 bases predominantly ending in A/U. Despite being affected by mutations, the codon usage patterns of the three medicinal plants were found to be mainly influenced by natural selection. (4) The phylogenetic results showed that the three Panax species are closely related, and P. pseudoginseng var. elegantior. is closely related to P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus. This study presents a significant relationship between P. pseudoginseng var. elegantior and two original pharmacopeial plants of Rhizoma panacis majoris. This finding has great importance for the development and utilization of resources from Rhizoma panacis majoris, and provides an important basis for further studies on the classification, phylogeny and evolutionary mechanisms of Panax species. |
Key words: Panax japonicus var. major,P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus,P. pseudoginseng var. elegantior,chloroplast genome,structural characteristics,codon preference |