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作者简介:

胡仁传(1988-),硕士,副研究员,主要从事民族植物学研究和植物地理学研究,(E-mail)hrcgxmi@163.com。

通讯作者:

黄云峰,硕士,副研究员,主要从事植物资源和中药鉴定学研究,(E-mail)huangyunfeng2000@126.com。

中图分类号:Q949

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2023)09-1721-04

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202103012

参考文献
APG, 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV [J]. Bot J Linn Soc, 181: 1-20.
参考文献
WELEN V, PETER C, 2003. Revision of the Malesian and Thai species of Sauropus (Euphorbiaceae: Phyllanthoideae) [J]. Blumea-Biodivers, 48(2): 319-391.
参考文献
HU RC, WEI SJ, LIUFU YQ, et al. , 2019. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China [J]. PhytoKeys, 135(3): 49-58.
参考文献
HU RC, XU WB, HUANG YF, 2016. Disporum sinovietnamicum sp. nov. (Colchicaceae) from southwestern Guangxi, China [J]. Nord J Bot, 34(2): 152-155.
参考文献
IUCN, 2020. The IUCN red list of threatened species [EB/OL]. (2020-2)[2021-05-06]. https: //www. iucnredlist. org.
参考文献
KATO M, KAWAKITA A, 2017. Obligate pollination mutualism [M]. Tokyo: Springer. https: //doi. org/10. 1007/978-4-431-56532-1.
参考文献
LECOMTE MT, 1927. Flore Générale de l′Indo-Chine [M]. Paris: Masson, 5: 648-649.
参考文献
LI BT, QIU HX, MA JS, et al. , 2008. Euphorbiaceae [M]// WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 18: 244-401.
参考文献
LU ZC, LIU ED, HAN MQ, et al. , 2020. Discovery of Paraboea minutiflora ( Gesneriaceae ) from Southeast Yunnan, China with supplementary description [J]. Guihaia, 40(10): 1438-1444. [陆昭岑, 刘恩德, 韩孟奇, 等, 2020. 微花蛛毛苣苔在中国云南的发现及其补充描述[J]. 广西植物, 40(10): 1438-1444. ]
参考文献
MENG T, NONG DX, YUAN Q, et al. , 2020. Daphniphyllum peltatum, a new species of Daphniphyllaceae from limestone areas in southwestern Guangxi, China [J]. Taiwania, 65(2): 232-236.
参考文献
NONG DX, PENG YD, YU LY, et al. , 2020. Notes on Tupistra ( Asparagaceae) in Guangxi [J]. Guihaia, 40(7): 921-925. [农东新, 彭玉德, 余丽莹, 等, 2020. 广西长柱开口箭属(天门冬科)植物小志[J]. 广西植物, 40(7): 921-925. ]
参考文献
PHẠM HH, 2000. Cây cỏ Việt Nam: An illustrated Flora of Vietnam[M]. Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ: 215.
参考文献
WEI YG, 2018. The distribution and conservation status of native plants in Guangxi, China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 236. [韦毅刚, 2018. 广西本土植物及其濒危现状[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社: 236. ]
参考文献
World Flora Online Consortium, 2021. World flora online [EB/OL]. (2021-01-06) [2021-05-06]. http: //www. worldfloraonline. org/search?query=Sauropus&limit=24&start=0&sort=.
参考文献
XU WB, YANG P, HUANG YS, et al. , 2020. Styrax hwangiae (Styracaceae), a new species endemic to limestone areas of Guangxi, China [J]. Phytotaxa, 478(1). https: //doi. org/10. 11646/phytotaxa. 478. 1. 13.
参考文献
ZHANG GL, CAI L, WANG YZ, et al. , 2020. Paraboea nantiensis ( Gesneriaceae), a new species from southeastern Yunnan Province, China [J]. Guihaia, 40(10): 1423-1428. [张贵良, 蔡磊, 王逸之, 等, 2020. 云南东南部苦苣苔科植物一新种——南溪蛛毛苣苔 [J]. 广西植物, 40(10): 1423-1428. ]
目录contents

    摘要

    在多次野外调查、标本采集及大量文献查阅的基础上,我们确定了叶下珠科(Phyllanthaceae)1种中国新记录植物——多支守宫木(Sauropus racemosus Beille)。其为多年生常绿灌木,枝叶无毛,叶片膜质,总状花序3~5支聚生于老茎下部的小枝脱落处,蒴果扁球状,红色,果皮6爿裂,极易与守宫木属其他种区分,因其多支花序聚生于老枝而取名为多支守宫木。该文详细描述了多支守宫木的形态特征,并提供了植物彩色照片、分布信息,并基于IUCN的评估标准对该种的濒危等级进行了评估。多支守宫木的发现再次丰富了中越边境地区植物物种的多样性,不仅体现了中越边境地区是全球生物多样性热点地区和生物多样性保护的关键区域,同时也体现了该地区的植物调查尚不够充分,还需进一步深入调查研究。

    Abstract

    Based field works, specimen collections and lots of literatures reading, we found a newly recorded species of Phyllanthaceae from China——Sauropus racemosus Beille. It differs from other species of Sauropus in having glabrous young branches, glabrous leaves, racemoses 3 to 5 clustered on the lower part of the old stem branchlets. In this paper, a detailed description, color photographs and geographical distribution of S. racemosus are given. In addition, we consider S. racemosus as ‘Endangered’ (EN) based on the IUCN categories and criteria. The discovery of S. racemosus enriched the diversity of plant species in the Sino-Vietnanese border area. It reflects that the Sino-Vietnanese border area are biodiversity hotspots in the world and key areas for biodiversity conservation. It also shows that the plant investigation in this area is not enough, and further investigation and research are needed.

  • 守宫木属(Sauropus Blume)为叶下珠科(Phyllanthaceae)常绿灌木,稀为草本或攀缘灌木(APG,2016)。本属全世界约81种,分布于毛里求斯、马达加斯加、斯里兰卡、印度尼西亚至马来西亚半岛、菲律宾、印尼和澳大利亚等;中国有15种(4种特有种,1种外来种)(Welzen &Peter,2003; Li &Michael,2008; APG,2016; Kato &Kawakita,2017; World Flora Online Consortium,2021)。

  • 2011年11月作者在对中国桂西南龙州县的弄岗国家级自然保护区进行植物多样性综合考察时,发现一种果序生于老茎上,子房3室,每室2粒胚珠,果皮成熟后红色,深裂成不规则六角形,形态非常特殊的叶下珠科植物,由于当时没有发现开花植株,故无法给予准确鉴定;随后我们进行了多次跟踪调查,于2020年5月采集并拍摄了其雌雄花的标本和照片;此外,我们还于2015年在中国百色那坡县百南乡发现其分布。通过相关文献(Lecomte,1927; Pha·m,2000; Welzen &Peter,2003; Li &Michael,2008; 韦毅刚,2018)、标本馆标本(IBK,GXMI,GXMG,GUN,PE,IBSC,HITBC等)和在线植物学相关网站,如http://www.worldfloraonline.org/,http://www.tropicos.org/,http://www.cvh.ac.cn/search,https://plants.jstor.org/,http://www.plant. csdb.cn/,https://www.ipni.org/的查阅鉴定,确认该种为多支守宫木(Sauropus racemosus Beille)。多支守宫木原记载仅产于越南河内的巴维国家公园(Bavi National Park),中国首次记录。根据模式标本和文献,我们对其进行了详细的中文描述,同时补充增加了雌花和果的描述,并提供了该物种的彩色图版。

  • 多支守宫木 (新拟) 图版 Ⅰ

  • Sauropusracemosus Beille in Lec. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine5: 648-649.1927. Cây cỏ Việt Nam: An illustrated Fl. of Vietnam.215.2000.

  • 灌木高2~4 m;老枝表皮灰色,有皮孔,幼枝具棱,绿色;全株无毛。叶片膜质,长椭圆形、卵状披针形或倒披针形,长8~15 cm,宽3~4.5 cm,顶端骤尖,基部阔楔形,上面深绿色,下面浅绿色;侧脉5~6对,斜升至叶缘前弯曲连结;叶柄长3~4 mm;托叶剑形,长2~4 mm,着生于叶柄基部两侧。总状花序3~5支聚生于老茎下部的小枝脱落处,花序长7~30 cm,常下垂,梗上疏被腺毛,雌雄同序或异序;花序梗基部均有13~15枚覆瓦状排列的苞片,苞片三角形,革质,渐尖,长2~7 mm;雄花和雌花单生或2~4朵聚生在花序梗的远端;每朵花基部1枚苞片及3枚小苞片,苞片长三角形,革质,长约6 mm,小苞片三角形,长2~5 mm,膜质。雄花:花梗长1~1.3 cm,花盘碟状,密布淡红色条状斑点,直径约1 cm,6浅裂,覆瓦状排列,三角形裂片二次浅裂,向内弯曲成碟状;雄花3,无花盘;花丝合生呈短柱状,花药外向,2室,纵裂;花盘腺体6,与萼片对生。雌花:花梗长2~3 mm;萼片6,淡绿色带淡红色斑点,呈2轮分布;外轮萼片卵形,5~6 × 5~6 mm,顶端渐尖,基部渐狭而成短爪;内轮萼片宽卵形,3~4 × 4~5 mm,顶端渐尖,基部阔楔形;无花盘。雌蕊近圆柱形,直径约1.5 mm,高1 mm,子房3室,每室2颗胚珠,花柱3,顶端2裂呈羊角状内弯。蒴果扁球状,直径约1.8 cm,高约1 cm,红色;宿存花萼淡黄色,密布淡红色斑点;果皮6爿裂;果梗长约2 mm;种子三棱状,长约7 mm,黑色。花期4—5月,果期9—12月。

  • 多支守宫木为多年生常绿灌木,枝叶无毛,叶片膜质,总状花序3~5支聚生于老茎下部的小枝脱落处,蒴果扁球状,红色,果皮6爿裂,极易与守宫木属其他种区分,因其多支花序聚生于老枝而取名为多支守宫木。

  • 分布:中国广西(龙州县、那坡县),越南河内(巴维国家公园)。中国新记录。

  • 凭证标本:广西壮族自治区崇左市龙州县上龙乡陇呼,广西弄岗国家级自然保护区,胡仁传,HRC200509001,2020-05-09;广西壮族自治区百色市那坡县百南乡弄民村,广西老虎跳省级自然保护区,汤欢,80173,2015-4-26。

  • 多支守宫木为多年生常绿灌木,茎秆较直,分枝少,在中越边境地区生于亚北热带喀斯特季雨林林下,其群落乔木层物种主要有人面子(Dracontomelonduperreanum Pierre)、董棕(Caryotaobtusa Griffith)、灰岩棒柄花(Cleidionbracteosum Gagnep.)、海南菜豆树(Radermacherahainanensis Merr.)等,同层灌木层植物主要为凹脉金花茶(Camellia impressinervis Chang et S. Y. Liang),草本层主要有广州蛇根草(Ophiorrhizacantoniensis Hance)、石柑子[Pothos chinensis(Raf.)Merr.]、广东万年青(Aglaonema modestum Schott ex Engl.)、昌感秋海棠(Begonia cavaleriei Lévl.)、狭眼凤尾蕨(Pteris biaurita L.)等。通过查阅IBK、GXMI、GXMG、PE、KUN等标本馆守宫木属的标本,结合野外调查,作者在广西弄岗国家级保护区分布点共发现有21株,仅分布于约400 m2的山弄内;广西那坡百南乡分布点居群仅发现11株,分布于约200 m2的山坡上。虽然两个分布点都位于保护区内,种群得到较好的保护,但由于两个分布点都未发现幼苗,种群群落稳定性仍面临一定威胁。根据IUCN评估标准,我们将国内的多支守宫木评估为濒危(EN)(IUCN,2020)。

  • 图版 Ⅰ 多支守宫木

  • Plate Ⅰ Sauropus racemosus Beille

  • 多支守宫木的发现再次丰富了中越边境地区植物物种的多样性。近年来国内专家学者在该地区发现和发表了许多中越边境特有的新种,如南溪蛛毛苣苔(Paraboeananxiensis Lei Cai &Gui L. Zhang)(Zhang et al.,2020)、盾叶虎皮楠(Daphniphyllumpeltatum Yan Liu &T. Meng)(Meng et al.,2020)、淑美安息香(Styrax hwangiae M. Tang &W.B. Xu)(Xu et al.,2020)、中越万寿竹(Disporumsinovietnamicum R.C. Hu &Y.Feng Huang)(Hu et al.,2016)、德保金花茶(Camellia debaoensis R.C. Hu &Y.Q. Liufu)(Hu et al.,2019)等;同时还有许多中国新记录物种的报道,如微花蛛毛苣苔(Paraboeaminutiflora D.J. Middleton)(陆昭岑等,2020)、红柱开口箭(Tupistra cardinalis Aver.)(农东新等,2020)等。这一情况,不仅体现了中越边境地区是全球生物多样性热点地区和生物多样性保护的关键区域(陆昭岑等,2020;张贵良等,2020),同时也体现了该地区的植物调查尚不够充分,还需进一步深入调查研究。

  • 致谢 野外考察得到了崇左市广西弄岗国家级自然保护区管理中心刘晟源、曾维波、农祝光,中国热带农业科学研究院汤欢的协助,在此谨致谢意!

  • 参考文献

    • APG, 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV [J]. Bot J Linn Soc, 181: 1-20.

    • WELEN V, PETER C, 2003. Revision of the Malesian and Thai species of Sauropus (Euphorbiaceae: Phyllanthoideae) [J]. Blumea-Biodivers, 48(2): 319-391.

    • HU RC, WEI SJ, LIUFU YQ, et al. , 2019. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China [J]. PhytoKeys, 135(3): 49-58.

    • HU RC, XU WB, HUANG YF, 2016. Disporum sinovietnamicum sp. nov. (Colchicaceae) from southwestern Guangxi, China [J]. Nord J Bot, 34(2): 152-155.

    • IUCN, 2020. The IUCN red list of threatened species [EB/OL]. (2020-2)[2021-05-06]. https: //www. iucnredlist. org.

    • KATO M, KAWAKITA A, 2017. Obligate pollination mutualism [M]. Tokyo: Springer. https: //doi. org/10. 1007/978-4-431-56532-1.

    • LECOMTE MT, 1927. Flore Générale de l′Indo-Chine [M]. Paris: Masson, 5: 648-649.

    • LI BT, QIU HX, MA JS, et al. , 2008. Euphorbiaceae [M]// WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 18: 244-401.

    • LU ZC, LIU ED, HAN MQ, et al. , 2020. Discovery of Paraboea minutiflora ( Gesneriaceae ) from Southeast Yunnan, China with supplementary description [J]. Guihaia, 40(10): 1438-1444. [陆昭岑, 刘恩德, 韩孟奇, 等, 2020. 微花蛛毛苣苔在中国云南的发现及其补充描述[J]. 广西植物, 40(10): 1438-1444. ]

    • MENG T, NONG DX, YUAN Q, et al. , 2020. Daphniphyllum peltatum, a new species of Daphniphyllaceae from limestone areas in southwestern Guangxi, China [J]. Taiwania, 65(2): 232-236.

    • NONG DX, PENG YD, YU LY, et al. , 2020. Notes on Tupistra ( Asparagaceae) in Guangxi [J]. Guihaia, 40(7): 921-925. [农东新, 彭玉德, 余丽莹, 等, 2020. 广西长柱开口箭属(天门冬科)植物小志[J]. 广西植物, 40(7): 921-925. ]

    • PHẠM HH, 2000. Cây cỏ Việt Nam: An illustrated Flora of Vietnam[M]. Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ: 215.

    • WEI YG, 2018. The distribution and conservation status of native plants in Guangxi, China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 236. [韦毅刚, 2018. 广西本土植物及其濒危现状[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社: 236. ]

    • World Flora Online Consortium, 2021. World flora online [EB/OL]. (2021-01-06) [2021-05-06]. http: //www. worldfloraonline. org/search?query=Sauropus&limit=24&start=0&sort=.

    • XU WB, YANG P, HUANG YS, et al. , 2020. Styrax hwangiae (Styracaceae), a new species endemic to limestone areas of Guangxi, China [J]. Phytotaxa, 478(1). https: //doi. org/10. 11646/phytotaxa. 478. 1. 13.

    • ZHANG GL, CAI L, WANG YZ, et al. , 2020. Paraboea nantiensis ( Gesneriaceae), a new species from southeastern Yunnan Province, China [J]. Guihaia, 40(10): 1423-1428. [张贵良, 蔡磊, 王逸之, 等, 2020. 云南东南部苦苣苔科植物一新种——南溪蛛毛苣苔 [J]. 广西植物, 40(10): 1423-1428. ]

  • 参考文献

    • APG, 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV [J]. Bot J Linn Soc, 181: 1-20.

    • WELEN V, PETER C, 2003. Revision of the Malesian and Thai species of Sauropus (Euphorbiaceae: Phyllanthoideae) [J]. Blumea-Biodivers, 48(2): 319-391.

    • HU RC, WEI SJ, LIUFU YQ, et al. , 2019. Camellia debaoensis (Theaceae), a new species of yellow camellia from limestone karsts in southwestern China [J]. PhytoKeys, 135(3): 49-58.

    • HU RC, XU WB, HUANG YF, 2016. Disporum sinovietnamicum sp. nov. (Colchicaceae) from southwestern Guangxi, China [J]. Nord J Bot, 34(2): 152-155.

    • IUCN, 2020. The IUCN red list of threatened species [EB/OL]. (2020-2)[2021-05-06]. https: //www. iucnredlist. org.

    • KATO M, KAWAKITA A, 2017. Obligate pollination mutualism [M]. Tokyo: Springer. https: //doi. org/10. 1007/978-4-431-56532-1.

    • LECOMTE MT, 1927. Flore Générale de l′Indo-Chine [M]. Paris: Masson, 5: 648-649.

    • LI BT, QIU HX, MA JS, et al. , 2008. Euphorbiaceae [M]// WU ZY, RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 18: 244-401.

    • LU ZC, LIU ED, HAN MQ, et al. , 2020. Discovery of Paraboea minutiflora ( Gesneriaceae ) from Southeast Yunnan, China with supplementary description [J]. Guihaia, 40(10): 1438-1444. [陆昭岑, 刘恩德, 韩孟奇, 等, 2020. 微花蛛毛苣苔在中国云南的发现及其补充描述[J]. 广西植物, 40(10): 1438-1444. ]

    • MENG T, NONG DX, YUAN Q, et al. , 2020. Daphniphyllum peltatum, a new species of Daphniphyllaceae from limestone areas in southwestern Guangxi, China [J]. Taiwania, 65(2): 232-236.

    • NONG DX, PENG YD, YU LY, et al. , 2020. Notes on Tupistra ( Asparagaceae) in Guangxi [J]. Guihaia, 40(7): 921-925. [农东新, 彭玉德, 余丽莹, 等, 2020. 广西长柱开口箭属(天门冬科)植物小志[J]. 广西植物, 40(7): 921-925. ]

    • PHẠM HH, 2000. Cây cỏ Việt Nam: An illustrated Flora of Vietnam[M]. Nhà Xuất Bản Trẻ: 215.

    • WEI YG, 2018. The distribution and conservation status of native plants in Guangxi, China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 236. [韦毅刚, 2018. 广西本土植物及其濒危现状[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社: 236. ]

    • World Flora Online Consortium, 2021. World flora online [EB/OL]. (2021-01-06) [2021-05-06]. http: //www. worldfloraonline. org/search?query=Sauropus&limit=24&start=0&sort=.

    • XU WB, YANG P, HUANG YS, et al. , 2020. Styrax hwangiae (Styracaceae), a new species endemic to limestone areas of Guangxi, China [J]. Phytotaxa, 478(1). https: //doi. org/10. 11646/phytotaxa. 478. 1. 13.

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