en
×

分享给微信好友或者朋友圈

使用微信“扫一扫”功能。
作者简介:

陈乐雯(1997-),硕士研究生,研究方向为地衣生物学,(E-mail)978064405@qq.com。

通讯作者:

贾泽峰,博士,教授,主要从事地衣生物学研究,(E-mail)zfjia2008@163.com。

中图分类号:Q949.34

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2023)10-1784-09

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202208063

参考文献
APTROOT A, 2004. Redisposition of some, mostly pyrenocarpous, lichens described by Zahlbruckner from Taiwan [J]. Acta Univ Ups Symb Bot Ups, 34(1): 31-38.
参考文献
APTROOT A, SEAWARD MRD, 1999. Annotated checklist of Hongkong lichens [J]. Trop Bryol, 17(1): 57-101.
参考文献
APTROOT A, SIPMAN H, 2001. New Hong Kong lichens, Ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi [J]. Hattori Bot Lab, 158(91): 317-343.
参考文献
APTROOT A, SPARRIUS LB, 2003. New microlichens from Taiwan [J]. Fungal Divers, 14(1): 1-50.
参考文献
ARCHER AW, 2004. The lichen genera Cyclographina, Diplogramma, Glyphis, Gymnographa, Medusulina, Sarcographa and Sarcographina (Graphidaceae) in Australia [J]. Telopea, 10(2): 589-605.
参考文献
BRODO IM, 2003. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens [J]. Bryologist, 106(2): 345-345.
参考文献
CÁCERES MES, 2007. Corticolous crustose and microfoliose lichens of northeastern Brazil [J]. IHW-Verl, 22: 1-168.
参考文献
CHEN LW, HE XX, JIA T, et al. , 2022. Phaeographis flavescens, a new record of the lichen genus Phaeographis in China [J/OL]. J Trop Subtrop Bot. https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/44. 1374. Q. 20220908. 1456. 006. html [陈乐雯, 何宣宣, 贾涛, 等, 2022. 变黄黑文衣, 中国黑文衣属地衣一新记录种 [J/OL]. 热带亚热带植物学报. https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/44. 1374. Q. 20220908. 1456. 006. html. ]
参考文献
CULBERSON CF, 1972. Improved conditions and new data for identification of lichen products by standardized thin-layer chromatographic method [J]. J Chromatogr A, 72(1): 113-125.
参考文献
CULBERSON CF, KRISTINSSON HD, 1970. A standardized method for the identification of lichen products [J]. J Chromatogr A, 46: 85-93.
参考文献
DIEDERICH P, LÜCKING R, APTROOT A, et al. , 2017. New species and new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Seychelles [J]. Herzogia, 30(1): 182-236.
参考文献
FÉE AL, 1824. Méthode lichénographique et genera [M]. Paris: Firmin Didot Père Et Fils: 1-102.
参考文献
HUE AM, 1891. Lichenes exotici a professore W. Nylander descripti vel recogniti [J]. Nouv Arch Mus Hist Nat, sér. 3, 3: 33-192.
参考文献
JIA ZF, LÜCKING R, 2017. Resolving the genus Phaeographina Müll. Arg. in China [J]. Mycokeys, 21(1): 13-32.
参考文献
JIA ZF, WEI JC, 2016. Flora lichenum Sinicorum · Vol. 13 · Ostropales (I) · Graphidaceae (1) [M]. Beijing: Science Press: 1-210. [贾泽峰, 魏江春, 2016. 中国地衣志·第十三卷·厚顶盘目(I)·文字衣科(1)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社: 1-210. ]
参考文献
LAMB MJ, 1963. Index nominum lichenum inter annos 1932 et 1960 divulgatorum [M]. New York: Ronald Press: 1-809.
参考文献
LEIGHTON WA, 1869. The lichens of Ceylon collected by G. H. K. Thwaites [J]. Trans Linn Soc London, 27: 161-186.
参考文献
LI J, MIAO XL, JIA ZF, 2014. Additional materials for the genus Phaeographis from China [J]. J Fungal Res, 12(2): 79-82.
参考文献
LIMA ELD , MAIA LC , MARTINS MCB, et al. , 2019. Five new species of Graphidaceae from the Brazilian Northeast, with notes on Diorygma alagoense [J]. Bryologist, 122(3): 414-422.
参考文献
LUCH RM, LÜCKING R, 2018. The genus Halegrapha new to Hawaii, with the new and potentially endemic species Halegrapha paulseniana and an updated checklist for Hawaiian lirellate Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) [J]. Willdenowia, 48(3): 415-423.
参考文献
MIAO XL, JIA ZF, 2011. A preliminary research on lichen Phaeographis (Graphidaceae) from China [M] // LIU HJ, JIA ZF, REN Q, et al. The present status and potentialities of the lichenology in China. Beijing: Science Press: 122-130. [苗晓琳, 贾泽峰, 2011. 中国黑文衣属(文字衣科)地衣的初步研究 [M]//刘华杰, 贾泽峰, 任强, 等. 中国地衣学现状与潜力. 北京: 科学出版社: 122-130. ]
参考文献
MIAO XL, JIA ZF, MENG QF, et al. , 2007. Some species of Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) rare and new to China [J]. Mycosystema, 26(4): 493-506.
参考文献
MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887a. Lichenologische Beiträge XXV [J]. Flora, 70: 56-64, 74-80.
参考文献
MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887b. Lichenologische Beiträge XXVI [J]. Flora, 70: 396-402, 423-429.
参考文献
MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887c. Graphideae Féeanae inclus. trib. affinibus nec non Graphidaea exoticae Acharii, El. Friesii et Zenkeri e novo studio speciminum originalium expositae et in novam dispositionem ordinatae [J]. Mémoires de la Sociétéde Physique et d’ Histoire Naturelle de Genève, 29: 1-80.
参考文献
NYLANDER W, 1863. Prodromus florae Novo-Granatensis. Lichenes [J]. Ann Sci Nat Bot, sér. 4, 19: 286-382.
参考文献
REDINGER K, 1933. Die Graphidineen der ersten Regnell’schen expedition nach Brasilien 1892-94. I. Glyphis, Medusulina und Sarcographa [J]. Ark Bot, 25A(13): 1-20.
参考文献
REN Q, 2022. Key to the lichen genera of China [J/OL]. J Liaocheng Univ (Nat Sci Ed). https: //doi. org/10. 19728/j. issn1672-6634. 2022010003 [任强, 2022. 中国地衣分属检索表 [J/OL]. 聊城大学学报(自然科学版). https: //doi. org/10. 19728/j. issn1672-6634. 2022010003. ]
参考文献
ROGERSON CT, PFISTER DH, SAYRE G, 1978. Cryptogams of the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856 [M]. Mycologia, 70(6): 1312.
参考文献
SEAWARD MRD, APTROOT A, 2005. Hong Kong lichens collected on the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856 [J]. Bryologist, 108(2): 282-286.
参考文献
SINGH KP, AWASTHI DD, 1978. Two new species and two new combinations in Graphidaceae [J]. Bull Bot Surv Ind, 20(1-4): 136-139.
参考文献
STAIGER B, 2002. Die flechten familie Graphidaceae studien in richtungeiner natürlicheren gliederung [J]. Biblioth Lichenol, 85: 1-526.
参考文献
THROWER SL, 1988. Hong Kong Lichens [M]. Hong Kong: Urban Council: 1-193.
参考文献
WANG-YANG JR, LAI MJ, 1973. A checklist of the lichens of Taiwan [J]. Taiwania, 18(1): 83-104.
参考文献
WEI JC, 2020. An enumeration of lichens in China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 1-606.
参考文献
WEI JC, JIA ZF, WU XL, 2013. An investigation of lichen diversity from Hainan island of China and prospect of the R & D of their resources [J]. J Fung Res, 11(4): 224-238. [魏江春, 贾泽峰, 吴兴亮, 2013. 海南地衣多样性考察及其资源研发前景 [J]. 菌物研究, 11(4): 224-238. ]
参考文献
WIJAYAWARDENE NN, HYDE KD, RAJESHKUMAR KC, et al. , 2017. Notes for genera: Ascomycota [J]. Fung Divers, 86(1): 1-594.
参考文献
WU JN, QIAN ZG, 1989. Lichens [M]//XU BS. Cryptogamic flora of the Yangtze Delta and adjacent regions [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publisher: 158-266. [吴继农, 钱之广, 1989. 地衣 [M]//徐炳升. 长江三角洲及邻近地区孢子植物志 [M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社: 158-266. ]
参考文献
ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1924. Catalogus lichenum universalis. II [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.
参考文献
ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1930. Lichenes (Überscicht über sämtiliche bisher aus China bekannten Flechten). Vol. 3 [M]. Wien: Julius Springer Verlag: 1-254.
参考文献
ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1932. Catalogus lichenum universalis. VI [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.
参考文献
ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1933. Flechten der insel Formosa in Feddes, lichenes in Feddes [J]. Repertorium sp. nov. , 31: 194-224.
参考文献
ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1940. Catalogus lichenum universalis. X [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.
目录contents

    摘要

    星文衣属(Sarcographa)隶属于真菌界(Fungi)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes)、厚顶盘目(Ostropales)、文字衣科(Graphidaceae),该属地衣体为壳状,子囊盘为放射分支状,多具子座,子囊含8孢子,子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型或亚砖壁型,主要分布于热带亚热带地区。该文通过形态学、解剖学、化学与分子生物学等方法进行该属分类学研究,共报道了中国该属9种,其中变黄星文衣[Sarcographa flavescens (Dal-Forno & Eliasaro) L. W. Chen & Z. F. Jia]为新组合(≡ Phaeographis flavescens Dal-Forno & Eliasaro);曲线星文衣[Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. ]为中国大陆新记录种。同时,该文对近似属拟星文衣属(Sarcographina)的1物种——异孢拟星文衣[Sarcographina heterospora (Nyl.) Z. F. Jia & Lücking]进行了描述,并提供了10个物种的特征提要及与其近似种的区别特征,并编制了分种检索表。该研究为中国地衣型真菌生物多样性研究提供了基础资料。

    Abstract

    The lichenized fungi genus Sarcographa belongs to Graphidaceae, Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi. It is characterized by radial apothecia, strongly branched and immersed in stromata, 8-spored asci, transversely septate or submuriform ascospores, and tropical and subtropical distribution. Based on the methods of morphology, anatomy, chemistry and molecular biology, nine species of Sarcographa in China are reported. The new combination Sarcographa flavescens (Dal-Forno & Eliasaro) L. W. Chen & Z. F. Jia, comb. nov. is proposed for Phaeographis flavescens Dal-Forno & Eliasaro, and Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.) Müll. Arg. is a new record to Chinesee mainland. Sarcographina heterospora (Nyl.) Z. F. Jia & Lücking, a species of allies genus Sarcographina is described, and a brief description to each known species and discussions with their similar species are given. A key to the known species of Sarcographa (incl. Sarcographina) in China is also shown. The study provides basic information for the biodiversity of lichenized fungi in China.

  • 地衣型真菌星文衣属(Sarcographa Fée)隶属于真菌界(Fungi)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes)、厚顶盘目(Ostropales)、文字衣科(Graphidaceae) (Wijayawardene et al.,2017)。Fée(1824)以Sarcographacinchonarum Fée作为模式种建立星文衣属;Müller Arg.(1887 a,b,c)基于子座及子囊孢子特征承认该属;Zahlbruckner(1924)修订Müller Arg. 系统后,将其置于座盘衣科(Chiodectonaceae)进行描述;其后,Redinger(1933)依据其孢子和果壳特征又重新将其置于文字衣科;之后,Staiger(2002)将分子生物学分析的结果与形态学、解剖学以及化学特征相结合,重新界定了该属,得到地衣生物学界学者的认可。

  • 星文衣属主要特征为地衣体壳状,多为树皮生,子囊盘线形多分支,聚生形成子座,盘被不炭化至完全炭化,子囊棒状含有8孢子,子囊孢子椭圆形,褐色,横隔透镜型或亚砖壁型,I+褐色或红褐色,主要分布于热带与亚热带地区(任强,2022);世界已报道43种(Wijayawardene et al.,2017; Luch &Lücking,2018; Lima et al.,2019),中国零星报道8种,主要分布于福建、海南、上海、香港等地(Singh &Awasthi,1978; 吴继农和钱之广,1989; Aptroot &Seaward,1999; Aptroot &Sipman,2001; Seaward &Aptroot,2005; 魏江春等,2013; Li et al.,2014; 贾泽峰和魏江春,2016; Jia &Lücking,2017; Wei,2020)。本文基于前期零星报道,又对国内重要标本馆馆藏标本和补采标本进行了系统研究,将该属物种增加至9种,其中包括1个新异名,本研究为我国地衣型真菌生物多样性研究和物种保护提供了基础资料。

  • 1 材料与方法

  • 本研究标本采自福建、广东、广西、海南、云南等地区,现馆藏于聊城大学地衣物种与基因资源生物学研究中心标本室(LCUF)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆地衣部(HMAS-L)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆地衣标本室(KUN-L)、山东师范大学生命科学学院植物标本馆(SDNU)等。

  • 使用体视显微镜OLYMPUS SZX16观察地衣体外部形态特征,光学显微镜OLYMPUS BX53观察解剖特征。通过滴加10% KOH溶液、Ca(ClO)2饱和水溶液、P溶液(将对苯二胺溶于无水乙醇,配成5%乙醇溶液)、Lugol’s碘液(I)观察颜色反应,薄层层析法(thin-layer chromatography,TLC)对地衣化学物质进行鉴定(Culberson &Kristensson,1970; Culberson,1972; Brodo,2003)。

  • 2 星文衣属物种

  • 2.1 树形星文衣

  • Sarcographadendroides (Leight.) Luch &Lücking, Willdenowia48 (3) : 421 (2018) .

  • Platygraphadendroides Leight., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 27 (2) : 179 (1870) [1871].

  • Phaeographisdendroides (Leight.) Müll. Arg., Flora65: 336 (1882) .

  • 地衣体灰白色至灰绿色;子囊盘线状,分支,盘面张开,子座不明显;盘被稍炭化,子囊层渗入状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,6~8胞室,(20~30)μm ×(5~8)μm,I+褐色。

  • 化学成分:斑点酸。

  • 标本:福建武夷山市,龙井山,王启栋FJ16075(LCUF)。广东肇庆市,坑口街道鼎湖山景区,王立松等21-69687(KUN-L)。海南琼中县,佳西南黎山,李静HN09359(LCUF)。

  • 文献报道:海南(Li et al.,2014; 贾泽峰和魏江春,2016)。

  • 讨论:该种与Sarcographaramificans(Kremp.)Staiger和S. atlantica E. L. Lima &Lücking形态特征比较相似,子囊盘稀疏分支,子座均不明显。不同之处是S. ramificans盘被完全炭化,子囊孢子较大,(25~51)μm ×(7~13)μm,7~13胞室(Staiger,2002);S. atlantica盘被炭化,子囊孢子(30~40)μm ×(7~9)μm,8~10胞室(Lima et al.,2019)。

  • 2.2 变黄星文衣 图1

  • FN: 571068

  • Sarcographaflavescens (Dal-Forno &Eliasaro) L. W. Chen &Z. F. Jia, comb. nov.

  • Phaeographisflavescens Dal-Forno &Eliasaro, Mycotaxon 112: 16 (2010) .

  • 地衣体浅黄绿色;子囊盘多分支,相邻线盘之间有小缝隙,子座白色;盘被未炭化,子囊层渗入状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,(19~25.5)μm ×(6~7)μm,I+紫红色。

  • 化学成分:斑点酸。

  • 标本:云南 西双版纳,勐海县,哈尼文化园,贾泽峰YN15061(LCUF)。福建 武夷山,桐木村,三港,贾泽峰FJ211286(LCUF);武夷山国家公园科技楼,贾泽峰FJ211741(LCUF),陈乐雯FJ211759、FJ211760(LCUF)。

  • 文献报道:福建、云南(陈乐雯等,2022)。

  • 讨论:该种主要特征为子囊盘放射状分支,聚生于形成的白色子座上,随着子囊盘发育,填充于整个子座而使子座不明显,相邻线盘间形成小缝隙,该种外部形态、典型子座结构及含有斑点酸等特征表明与放置在星文衣属中的物种更为相似。该种形态学特征与Sarcographaintricans(Nyl.)Müll. Arg. 相似,不同之处在于后者线盘呈放射状或不规则分支,盘面在发育后期常发生汇合,从而形成较宽的中部区域,含降斑点酸。该种与S. cuyabensis Redinger也较相似,不同之处在于后者子囊孢子较小,长(12~)15 μm~18 μm(Redinger,1933)。

  • 2.3 曲星文衣

  • Sarcographaglyphiza (Nyl.) Kr. P. Singh &G.P. Sinha, An Annotated Checklist (Kolkata) : 13 (2010) .

  • Graphis glyphiza Nyl., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér.4 19: 374 (1863) .

  • Phaeographisglyphiza (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univers.2: 373 (1923) [1924].

  • Phaeographinaglyphiza (Nyl.) Zahlbr., in Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sinic.3: 62 (1930) .

  • Sarcographinaglyphiza (Nyl.) Kr. P. Singh &D. D. Awasthi, Bull. Bot. Surv. India20 (1-4) : 139 (1979) [1978].

  • 地衣体黄褐色;子囊盘线状,弯曲,盘面灰白色,边缘黑色,子座明显;盘被完全炭化,子囊层渗入状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,亚砖壁型,6~8/1~3室,(20~30)μm ×(9~12.5)μm,I+褐色。

  • 化学成分:斑点酸、伴斑点酸。

  • 标本:广西融水县,九万山,清水防保护站,朱孟丽GX201155(LCUF)。广东始兴县,车八岭,樟栋水,贾泽峰GD15157(LCUF)。福建武夷山,桐木村,氧吧,赵艳菲FJ211657;龙井山,贾泽峰FJ16033;建瓯市,房道镇,万木林,孟庆峰FJ1283(LCUF); 香港新界,大埔干自然保护区,Aptroot 43278(BGBM)。

  • 文献报道:香港(Nylander,1863; Leighton,1869; Hue,1891; Zahlbruckner,1924,1930,1932; Singh &Awasthi,1978; Aptroot &Seaward,1999; Aptroot &Sipman,2001; Seaward &Aptroot,2005; Jia &Lücking,2017)。

  • 讨论:该种与SarcographaintricansS. tricosa(Ach.)Müll. Arg. 较为相似,区别在于S. intricans盘被不炭化,子囊层清晰,子囊孢子为横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,含降斑点酸;而S. tricosa子囊孢子为横隔透镜型,4胞室,不含有地衣化学物质。

  • 2.4 异果星文衣

  • Sarcographaheteroclita (Mont.) Zahlbr., in Rechinger, Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.88: 19 (1911) .

  • Glyphisheteroclita Mont., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér.2 19: 83 (1843) .

  • 地衣体暗黄色;单个子囊盘为较小的卵圆形,并排排列,聚生于子座,子座伸长;盘被炭化,基部加厚,子囊层渗入状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,15~18 μm × 6~8 μm,I+红褐色。

  • 化学成分:斑点酸。

  • 标本:云南勐腊县,小磨公路旁,赵欣YN18330(LCUF)。

  • 文献报道:云南(Miao et al.,2007)、台湾(Aptroot &Sparrius,2003)。

  • 讨论:该种主要特征为子座明显伸长,盘被基部炭化明显,子囊层具有次级分隔。与Sarcographalabyrinthica(Ach.)Müll. Arg. 非常相似,区别在于后者子座呈不规则卵圆形。该种还与S. fissurinoides M. Cáceres &Lücking在解剖特征上相似,区别在于后者线盘放射状分支,盘被与子座均炭化,子囊孢子4胞室,除斑点酸外,还具有隐斑点酸(Cáceres,2007)。

  • 图1 变黄星文衣(标本:贾泽峰FJ211741)

  • Fig.1 Sarcographaflavescens (specimen: Z. F. Jia FJ211741)

  • 2.5 错综星文衣 图2

  • Sarcographaintricans (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Flora, Regensburg70: 77 (1887) .

  • Graphis intricans Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn.7 (2) : 473 (1863) .

  • Phaeographisintricans (Nyl.) Staiger, Biblthca Lichenol.85: 329 (2002) .

  • =Sarcographaalbomaculans Zahlbr. [as ‘albo-maculans’], Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.31: 221 (1933) .

  • 地衣体黄褐色;子囊盘线形,射线状分支,子座白色,明显;盘被不炭化,子囊层清晰状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,(15~20)μm ×(5~7)μm,I+红褐色。

  • 化学成分:降斑点酸。

  • 标本:福建南平市,黄坑镇,大竹岚,陈乐雯FJ211211(LCUF)。广东广州市,华南植物园,贾泽峰GD14024;深圳市,仙湖植物园,贾泽峰GD14091(LCUF);茂名市,大雾岭,王欣宇等21-69628(KUN-L)。广西武鸣县,大明山国家级自然保护区,朱孟丽GX201259(LCUF)。浙江杭州市,九溪烟村,贾泽峰ZJ19285(LCUF)。

  • 文献报道:台湾、香港、海南、福建、广东、云南(Lamb,1963; Wang-Yang &Lai,1973; Aptroot &Seaward,1999; Aptroot &Sipman,2001; Aptroot &Sparrius,2003; Aptroot,2004; 苗晓琳和贾泽峰,2011; 魏江春等,2013; 贾泽峰和魏江春,2016; Wei,2020)。

  • 讨论:该种主要区别特征是盘被不炭化。Staiger(2002)曾将该种作为Phaeographisintricans(Nyl.)Staiger的异名处理,但据其孢子特征及明显的子座结构特征,我们认为应将该种置于星文衣属中。关于Sarcographaalbomaculans Zahlbr.(Zahlbruckner,1933),Aptroot (2004)曾认为该种应该作为P. intricans的异名处理,作者对比两者地衣体与子囊盘的形态、解剖特征,赞同该观点。

  • 图2 错综星文衣(标本:贾泽峰GD14091)

  • Fig.2 Sarcographaintricans (specimen: Z. F. Jia GD14091)

  • 2.6 曲线星文衣

  • Sarcographalabyrinthica (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève29 (no.8) : 62 (1887) .

  • Glyphislabyrinthica Ach., Syn. Meth. Lich. (Lund) : 107 (1814) .

  • =Sclerophytonactinoboloides Zahlbr. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.31: 223 (1933) .

  • 地衣体绿褐色;子囊盘为卵圆形或不规则角状,聚生于形成的子座中,子座白色,圆形至卵圆形;盘被完全炭化,子囊层渗入状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,(14~22.5)μm ×(5~7)μm,I+褐色。

  • 化学成分:主要含斑点酸、隐斑点酸。

  • 标本:广东韶关市,乳源南岭,森林公园瀑布群,贾泽峰GD15276(LCUF)。广西崇左市,弄岗保护区,李健GX15028,GX15031;上思县,十万大山,狮山,李健GX15206(LCUF)。海南乐东县,尖峰岭,雨林谷,孟庆峰M367;琼中县,黎母山,贾泽峰HN018(LCUF)。

  • 文献报道:台湾(Aptroot,2004)。中国大陆新记录种。

  • 讨论:该种与Sarcographasubglobosa Lücking &Diederich和S. heteroclita(Mont.)Zahlbr.形态、解剖特征均十分相似,均具有白色粉质子座、盘被炭化、子囊孢子横隔透镜型、4~6胞室、子囊层次级分隔、含斑点酸的特征,但与S. subglobosa区别在于后者子座突起,呈半球形至近球形(Diederich et al.,2017);与S. heteroclita不同在于后者子囊盘并排排列,聚生于伸长为线形的子座中。

  • 2.7 蛇发星文衣

  • Sarcographamedusulina (Nyl.) Müll. Arg., Flora, Regensburg70: 77 (1887) .

  • Glyphismedusulina Nyl., Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn.7 (2) : 485 (1863) .

  • 地衣体暗黄色;子囊盘黑褐色,放射状分支,盘面张开,子座奶油色至微黄色;盘被完全炭化,子座微炭化,子囊层渗入状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,(18~20)μm ×(6~7.5)μm,I+红褐色。

  • 化学成分:地衣化学物质未测出。

  • 标本:福建建瓯市,房道镇,万木林,孟庆峰FJ1307-2(LCUF)。

  • 文献报道:广东(Miao et al.,2007),香港(Pfister,1978; Seaward &Aptroot,2005)。

  • 讨论:该种主要特征是发育初期子座奶油色至微黄色,但发育后期线盘充满整个子座导致子座不明显,其盘被完全炭化,子座也部分炭化。该种与Sarcographatricosa近似,均不含有地衣化学物质,不同之处是后者子囊孢子具4胞室,仅盘被炭化,子座不炭化;该种与S. intricans均具有白色子座与放射状分支的线盘,但后者盘被不炭化,子囊层清晰,子囊孢子为横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,含降斑点酸。

  • 2.8 黑果星文衣

  • Sarcographamelanocarpa Zahlbr., Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.31: 221 (1933) .

  • 地衣体壳状;子囊盘线形,黑色,放射状分支,子座圆形至卵圆形;盘被不炭化,子囊层无色透明,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,4胞室,大小(15~16)μm ×(5.5~6.5)μm。

  • 化学成分:地衣化学物质未测出。

  • 标本:台湾台北县,Faurie no.71; Asahina,Lich. Formos. no.303.

  • 文献报道:台湾(Zahlbruckner,1933 &1940; Lamb,1963; Wang-Yang &Lai,1973)。

  • 讨论:该种典型特征为子囊盘黑色,放射状分支,具子座,盘被不炭化,棕黑色。该种与SarcographamedusulinaS. tricosa形态特征十分相似,区别在于后两者均炭化,且S. medusulina除盘被炭化外,子座也微炭化,子囊孢子4~6胞室。

  • 2.9 黑星文衣

  • Sarcographatricosa (Ach.) Müll. Arg., Mém. Soc. Phys. Hist. Nat. Genève29 (no.8) : 63 (1887) .

  • Graphis tricosa Ach., Lich. Univ.: 674 (1810) .

  • 地衣体橄榄绿色;子囊盘放射状分支,子座白色,圆形至卵圆形;盘被完全炭化,子囊层渗入状,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,横隔透镜型,4胞室,(15~18)μm ×(6~8)μm,I+红褐色。

  • 化学成分:地衣化学物质未测出。

  • 标本:广东深圳,仙湖植物园,贾泽峰GD15305(LCUF)。广西南宁市,青秀山,贾泽峰GX15008、GX15009(LCUF)。香港新界,Aptroot 43977。

  • 文献报道:广东,上海,台湾,香港(Thrower,1988; 吴继农和钱之广,1989; Aptroot &Seaward,1999; Aptroot &Sipman,2001; Aptroot &Sparrius,2003; Miao et al.,2007)。

  • 讨论:该种与Sarcographamedusulina形态和解剖特征均十分相似,区别主要在于后者子囊孢子4~6胞室,除盘被炭化外,子座也微炭化;该种与S. fissurinoides的形态特征十分相似,子囊盘稀疏分支,区别在于后者盘被炭化,含有斑点酸和隐斑点酸(Cáceres,2007)。

  • 3 异孢拟星文衣

  • Sarcographinaheterospora (Nyl.) Z.F. Jia &Lücking, MycoKeys 21: 19 (2017) .

  • Graphis heterospora Nyl., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér.4 11: 261 (1859) .

  • Phaeographinaheterospora (Nyl.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univers.2: 439 (1923) .

  • 地衣体浅黄色;子囊盘线状,黑色,放射状分支,具有圆形至卵圆形的白色子座,盘唇闭合;盘被不炭化,子囊层清晰,子囊含8孢子;子囊孢子褐色,亚砖壁型,4/1、2/2或3/1~2胞室,(10~13)μm ×(6~8)μm,I+红褐色。

  • 化学成分:茶痂衣酸,伴茶痂衣酸。

  • 标本:台湾屏东县,恒春镇,垦丁村,Aptroot 53329;台中市,台中北沿山路,Aptroot 53472(ABL)。

  • 文献报道:台湾(Aptroot &Sparrius,2003; Jia &Lücking,2017)。

  • 讨论:该种基物为树皮或岩石,与Sarcographinacyclospora Müll. Arg. 相似,区别在于后者盘被顶部炭化,子囊孢子为不规则的2×2胞室(Archer,2004);该种与S. intricans较为相似,区别在于后者盘面张开可见,子囊孢子为横隔透镜型,4~6胞室,含降斑点酸。

  • 中国星文衣属(含拟星文衣属)分种检索表

  • 1a. 子座伸长、狭窄,常见分支;子囊盘不分支,聚集,盘面最终由许多裂隙分隔开;子囊孢子4~6胞室,大小15~18 μm × 6~8 μm; 含有斑点酸······异果星文衣S. heteroclita

  • 1 b.子座圆形、卵圆形或不明显;子囊盘多分支,聚生于子座中;盘面覆有白色粉霜······2

  • 2 a. 子囊孢子亚砖壁型······3

  • 2 b. 子囊孢子横隔透镜型······4

  • 3a. 盘被炭化;子囊孢子6~8/1~3胞室,(20~30)μm ×(9~12.5)μm;含有斑点酸、伴斑点酸······曲星文衣S. glyphiza

  • 3b. 盘被不炭化;子囊孢子4/1、2/2或3/1~2胞室,(10~13)μm ×(6~8)μm;含有茶痂衣酸和伴茶痂衣酸······异孢拟星文衣Sa. heterospora

  • 4 a. 子囊孢子4~6胞室······5

  • 4b. 子囊孢子6~8胞室;子囊盘常见分支,盘面张开状;盘被微基部炭化;子囊孢子(20~30)μm ×(5~8)μm,含斑点酸······树形星文衣S. dendroides

  • 5 a. 盘被完全炭化······6

  • 5 b. 盘被不炭化······8

  • 6a. 含地衣化学物质,子囊盘卵圆形,密集,盘唇微启,子囊孢子4~6胞室,(14~22.5) μm × (5~7) μm;主要含斑点酸和隐斑点酸······曲线星文衣S. labyrinthica

  • 6 b. 无地衣化学物质······7

  • 7a. 子囊孢子4~6胞室,大小(18~20)μm ×(6~7.5)μm,盘被炭化,扩散到相邻子座部分炭化······蛇发星文衣S. medusulina

  • 7b. 子囊孢子4胞室,大小(15~18)μm ×(6~8)μm,盘被炭化,相邻子座部分不炭化······黑星文衣S. tricosa

  • 8a. 无地衣化学物质,子囊孢子4胞室,(15~16)μm ×(5.5~6.5)μm ······黑果星文衣S. melanocarpa

  • 8 b. 含地衣化学物质······9

  • 9a. 含降斑点酸,子囊孢子4~6胞室,(15~20)μm ×(5~7)μm ······错综星文衣S. intricans

  • 9b. 含斑点酸,子囊孢子4~6胞室,(19~25.5)μm ×(6~7)μm ······变黄星文衣S. flavescens

  • Key to species of Sarcographa (incl. Sarcographina) from China

  • 1a. Stromata oblong and narrow, often branched; ascocarps unbranched and gathered, the disc finally much divided by fissures; ascospores 4-6-locular, (15-18) μm × (6-8) μm; presence of stictic acid······S. heteroclita

  • 1b. Stromata round to ovoid or inconspicuous; ascocarps much branched, congretated in the stromata, the disc with white pruina······2

  • 2 a. Ascosporessubmuriform······3

  • 2 b. Ascosporestransversely septate······4

  • 3a. Exciple carbonized; ascospores 6-8/1-3-locular, (20-30) μm × (9-12.5) μm; presence of stictic acid and constictic acid······S. glyphiza

  • 3b. Exciple uncarbonized; ascospores 4/1, 2/2 or 3/1-2-locular, (10-13) μm × (6-8) μm; presence of psoromic acid and conpsoromic acid······Sa. heterospora

  • 4 a. Ascospores 4-6-locular······5

  • 4b. Ascospores 6-8-locular, ascocarps often branched, disc open, exciple weakly basally carbonized, ascospores (20-30) μm × (5-8) μm, presence of stictic acid······S. dendroides

  • 5 a. Exciple completely carbonized······6

  • 5 b. Excipleuncarbonized······8

  • 6a. Lichen acids present, ascocarps oval, intensive, disc weaklyopen, ascospores 4-6-locular, (14-22.5) μm × (5-7) μm; mainly presence of stictic acid and cryptostictic acid······S. labyrinthica

  • 6 b. Lichen acids absent······7

  • 7a. Ascospores 4-6-locular, (18-20) μm × (6-7.5) μm; carbonisation of the exciple spreading to the adjacent parts of the stroma······S. medusulina

  • 7b. Ascospores 4-locular, (15-18) μm × (6-8) μm; only exciples of the ascocarps carbonised, and adjacent parts of the stroma uncarbonized······S. tricosa

  • 8a. Lichen acids absent, ascospores 4-locular, (15-16) μm × (5.5-6.5) μm ······S. melanocarpa

  • 8 b. Lichen acids present······9

  • 9a. Presence of norstictic acid, ascospores 4-6-locular, (15-20) μm × (5-7) μm ······S. intricans

  • 9b. Presence of stictic acid, ascospores 4-6-locular, (19-25.5) μm × (6-7) μm ······S. flavescens

  • [note: Sa.=Sarcographina]

  • 致谢 感谢标本馆HMAS-L、KUN-L和SDNU等在标本借阅方面给予的帮助;感谢所有为本研究提供研究材料和帮助的专家和同学。

  • 参考文献

    • APTROOT A, 2004. Redisposition of some, mostly pyrenocarpous, lichens described by Zahlbruckner from Taiwan [J]. Acta Univ Ups Symb Bot Ups, 34(1): 31-38.

    • APTROOT A, SEAWARD MRD, 1999. Annotated checklist of Hongkong lichens [J]. Trop Bryol, 17(1): 57-101.

    • APTROOT A, SIPMAN H, 2001. New Hong Kong lichens, Ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi [J]. Hattori Bot Lab, 158(91): 317-343.

    • APTROOT A, SPARRIUS LB, 2003. New microlichens from Taiwan [J]. Fungal Divers, 14(1): 1-50.

    • ARCHER AW, 2004. The lichen genera Cyclographina, Diplogramma, Glyphis, Gymnographa, Medusulina, Sarcographa and Sarcographina (Graphidaceae) in Australia [J]. Telopea, 10(2): 589-605.

    • BRODO IM, 2003. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens [J]. Bryologist, 106(2): 345-345.

    • CÁCERES MES, 2007. Corticolous crustose and microfoliose lichens of northeastern Brazil [J]. IHW-Verl, 22: 1-168.

    • CHEN LW, HE XX, JIA T, et al. , 2022. Phaeographis flavescens, a new record of the lichen genus Phaeographis in China [J/OL]. J Trop Subtrop Bot. https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/44. 1374. Q. 20220908. 1456. 006. html [陈乐雯, 何宣宣, 贾涛, 等, 2022. 变黄黑文衣, 中国黑文衣属地衣一新记录种 [J/OL]. 热带亚热带植物学报. https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/44. 1374. Q. 20220908. 1456. 006. html. ]

    • CULBERSON CF, 1972. Improved conditions and new data for identification of lichen products by standardized thin-layer chromatographic method [J]. J Chromatogr A, 72(1): 113-125.

    • CULBERSON CF, KRISTINSSON HD, 1970. A standardized method for the identification of lichen products [J]. J Chromatogr A, 46: 85-93.

    • DIEDERICH P, LÜCKING R, APTROOT A, et al. , 2017. New species and new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Seychelles [J]. Herzogia, 30(1): 182-236.

    • FÉE AL, 1824. Méthode lichénographique et genera [M]. Paris: Firmin Didot Père Et Fils: 1-102.

    • HUE AM, 1891. Lichenes exotici a professore W. Nylander descripti vel recogniti [J]. Nouv Arch Mus Hist Nat, sér. 3, 3: 33-192.

    • JIA ZF, LÜCKING R, 2017. Resolving the genus Phaeographina Müll. Arg. in China [J]. Mycokeys, 21(1): 13-32.

    • JIA ZF, WEI JC, 2016. Flora lichenum Sinicorum · Vol. 13 · Ostropales (I) · Graphidaceae (1) [M]. Beijing: Science Press: 1-210. [贾泽峰, 魏江春, 2016. 中国地衣志·第十三卷·厚顶盘目(I)·文字衣科(1)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社: 1-210. ]

    • LAMB MJ, 1963. Index nominum lichenum inter annos 1932 et 1960 divulgatorum [M]. New York: Ronald Press: 1-809.

    • LEIGHTON WA, 1869. The lichens of Ceylon collected by G. H. K. Thwaites [J]. Trans Linn Soc London, 27: 161-186.

    • LI J, MIAO XL, JIA ZF, 2014. Additional materials for the genus Phaeographis from China [J]. J Fungal Res, 12(2): 79-82.

    • LIMA ELD , MAIA LC , MARTINS MCB, et al. , 2019. Five new species of Graphidaceae from the Brazilian Northeast, with notes on Diorygma alagoense [J]. Bryologist, 122(3): 414-422.

    • LUCH RM, LÜCKING R, 2018. The genus Halegrapha new to Hawaii, with the new and potentially endemic species Halegrapha paulseniana and an updated checklist for Hawaiian lirellate Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) [J]. Willdenowia, 48(3): 415-423.

    • MIAO XL, JIA ZF, 2011. A preliminary research on lichen Phaeographis (Graphidaceae) from China [M] // LIU HJ, JIA ZF, REN Q, et al. The present status and potentialities of the lichenology in China. Beijing: Science Press: 122-130. [苗晓琳, 贾泽峰, 2011. 中国黑文衣属(文字衣科)地衣的初步研究 [M]//刘华杰, 贾泽峰, 任强, 等. 中国地衣学现状与潜力. 北京: 科学出版社: 122-130. ]

    • MIAO XL, JIA ZF, MENG QF, et al. , 2007. Some species of Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) rare and new to China [J]. Mycosystema, 26(4): 493-506.

    • MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887a. Lichenologische Beiträge XXV [J]. Flora, 70: 56-64, 74-80.

    • MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887b. Lichenologische Beiträge XXVI [J]. Flora, 70: 396-402, 423-429.

    • MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887c. Graphideae Féeanae inclus. trib. affinibus nec non Graphidaea exoticae Acharii, El. Friesii et Zenkeri e novo studio speciminum originalium expositae et in novam dispositionem ordinatae [J]. Mémoires de la Sociétéde Physique et d’ Histoire Naturelle de Genève, 29: 1-80.

    • NYLANDER W, 1863. Prodromus florae Novo-Granatensis. Lichenes [J]. Ann Sci Nat Bot, sér. 4, 19: 286-382.

    • REDINGER K, 1933. Die Graphidineen der ersten Regnell’schen expedition nach Brasilien 1892-94. I. Glyphis, Medusulina und Sarcographa [J]. Ark Bot, 25A(13): 1-20.

    • REN Q, 2022. Key to the lichen genera of China [J/OL]. J Liaocheng Univ (Nat Sci Ed). https: //doi. org/10. 19728/j. issn1672-6634. 2022010003 [任强, 2022. 中国地衣分属检索表 [J/OL]. 聊城大学学报(自然科学版). https: //doi. org/10. 19728/j. issn1672-6634. 2022010003. ]

    • ROGERSON CT, PFISTER DH, SAYRE G, 1978. Cryptogams of the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856 [M]. Mycologia, 70(6): 1312.

    • SEAWARD MRD, APTROOT A, 2005. Hong Kong lichens collected on the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856 [J]. Bryologist, 108(2): 282-286.

    • SINGH KP, AWASTHI DD, 1978. Two new species and two new combinations in Graphidaceae [J]. Bull Bot Surv Ind, 20(1-4): 136-139.

    • STAIGER B, 2002. Die flechten familie Graphidaceae studien in richtungeiner natürlicheren gliederung [J]. Biblioth Lichenol, 85: 1-526.

    • THROWER SL, 1988. Hong Kong Lichens [M]. Hong Kong: Urban Council: 1-193.

    • WANG-YANG JR, LAI MJ, 1973. A checklist of the lichens of Taiwan [J]. Taiwania, 18(1): 83-104.

    • WEI JC, 2020. An enumeration of lichens in China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 1-606.

    • WEI JC, JIA ZF, WU XL, 2013. An investigation of lichen diversity from Hainan island of China and prospect of the R & D of their resources [J]. J Fung Res, 11(4): 224-238. [魏江春, 贾泽峰, 吴兴亮, 2013. 海南地衣多样性考察及其资源研发前景 [J]. 菌物研究, 11(4): 224-238. ]

    • WIJAYAWARDENE NN, HYDE KD, RAJESHKUMAR KC, et al. , 2017. Notes for genera: Ascomycota [J]. Fung Divers, 86(1): 1-594.

    • WU JN, QIAN ZG, 1989. Lichens [M]//XU BS. Cryptogamic flora of the Yangtze Delta and adjacent regions [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publisher: 158-266. [吴继农, 钱之广, 1989. 地衣 [M]//徐炳升. 长江三角洲及邻近地区孢子植物志 [M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社: 158-266. ]

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1924. Catalogus lichenum universalis. II [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1930. Lichenes (Überscicht über sämtiliche bisher aus China bekannten Flechten). Vol. 3 [M]. Wien: Julius Springer Verlag: 1-254.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1932. Catalogus lichenum universalis. VI [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1933. Flechten der insel Formosa in Feddes, lichenes in Feddes [J]. Repertorium sp. nov. , 31: 194-224.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1940. Catalogus lichenum universalis. X [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.

  • 参考文献

    • APTROOT A, 2004. Redisposition of some, mostly pyrenocarpous, lichens described by Zahlbruckner from Taiwan [J]. Acta Univ Ups Symb Bot Ups, 34(1): 31-38.

    • APTROOT A, SEAWARD MRD, 1999. Annotated checklist of Hongkong lichens [J]. Trop Bryol, 17(1): 57-101.

    • APTROOT A, SIPMAN H, 2001. New Hong Kong lichens, Ascomycetes and lichenicolous fungi [J]. Hattori Bot Lab, 158(91): 317-343.

    • APTROOT A, SPARRIUS LB, 2003. New microlichens from Taiwan [J]. Fungal Divers, 14(1): 1-50.

    • ARCHER AW, 2004. The lichen genera Cyclographina, Diplogramma, Glyphis, Gymnographa, Medusulina, Sarcographa and Sarcographina (Graphidaceae) in Australia [J]. Telopea, 10(2): 589-605.

    • BRODO IM, 2003. Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens [J]. Bryologist, 106(2): 345-345.

    • CÁCERES MES, 2007. Corticolous crustose and microfoliose lichens of northeastern Brazil [J]. IHW-Verl, 22: 1-168.

    • CHEN LW, HE XX, JIA T, et al. , 2022. Phaeographis flavescens, a new record of the lichen genus Phaeographis in China [J/OL]. J Trop Subtrop Bot. https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/44. 1374. Q. 20220908. 1456. 006. html [陈乐雯, 何宣宣, 贾涛, 等, 2022. 变黄黑文衣, 中国黑文衣属地衣一新记录种 [J/OL]. 热带亚热带植物学报. https: //kns. cnki. net/kcms/detail/44. 1374. Q. 20220908. 1456. 006. html. ]

    • CULBERSON CF, 1972. Improved conditions and new data for identification of lichen products by standardized thin-layer chromatographic method [J]. J Chromatogr A, 72(1): 113-125.

    • CULBERSON CF, KRISTINSSON HD, 1970. A standardized method for the identification of lichen products [J]. J Chromatogr A, 46: 85-93.

    • DIEDERICH P, LÜCKING R, APTROOT A, et al. , 2017. New species and new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Seychelles [J]. Herzogia, 30(1): 182-236.

    • FÉE AL, 1824. Méthode lichénographique et genera [M]. Paris: Firmin Didot Père Et Fils: 1-102.

    • HUE AM, 1891. Lichenes exotici a professore W. Nylander descripti vel recogniti [J]. Nouv Arch Mus Hist Nat, sér. 3, 3: 33-192.

    • JIA ZF, LÜCKING R, 2017. Resolving the genus Phaeographina Müll. Arg. in China [J]. Mycokeys, 21(1): 13-32.

    • JIA ZF, WEI JC, 2016. Flora lichenum Sinicorum · Vol. 13 · Ostropales (I) · Graphidaceae (1) [M]. Beijing: Science Press: 1-210. [贾泽峰, 魏江春, 2016. 中国地衣志·第十三卷·厚顶盘目(I)·文字衣科(1)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社: 1-210. ]

    • LAMB MJ, 1963. Index nominum lichenum inter annos 1932 et 1960 divulgatorum [M]. New York: Ronald Press: 1-809.

    • LEIGHTON WA, 1869. The lichens of Ceylon collected by G. H. K. Thwaites [J]. Trans Linn Soc London, 27: 161-186.

    • LI J, MIAO XL, JIA ZF, 2014. Additional materials for the genus Phaeographis from China [J]. J Fungal Res, 12(2): 79-82.

    • LIMA ELD , MAIA LC , MARTINS MCB, et al. , 2019. Five new species of Graphidaceae from the Brazilian Northeast, with notes on Diorygma alagoense [J]. Bryologist, 122(3): 414-422.

    • LUCH RM, LÜCKING R, 2018. The genus Halegrapha new to Hawaii, with the new and potentially endemic species Halegrapha paulseniana and an updated checklist for Hawaiian lirellate Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) [J]. Willdenowia, 48(3): 415-423.

    • MIAO XL, JIA ZF, 2011. A preliminary research on lichen Phaeographis (Graphidaceae) from China [M] // LIU HJ, JIA ZF, REN Q, et al. The present status and potentialities of the lichenology in China. Beijing: Science Press: 122-130. [苗晓琳, 贾泽峰, 2011. 中国黑文衣属(文字衣科)地衣的初步研究 [M]//刘华杰, 贾泽峰, 任强, 等. 中国地衣学现状与潜力. 北京: 科学出版社: 122-130. ]

    • MIAO XL, JIA ZF, MENG QF, et al. , 2007. Some species of Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) rare and new to China [J]. Mycosystema, 26(4): 493-506.

    • MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887a. Lichenologische Beiträge XXV [J]. Flora, 70: 56-64, 74-80.

    • MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887b. Lichenologische Beiträge XXVI [J]. Flora, 70: 396-402, 423-429.

    • MÜLLER ARG. J, 1887c. Graphideae Féeanae inclus. trib. affinibus nec non Graphidaea exoticae Acharii, El. Friesii et Zenkeri e novo studio speciminum originalium expositae et in novam dispositionem ordinatae [J]. Mémoires de la Sociétéde Physique et d’ Histoire Naturelle de Genève, 29: 1-80.

    • NYLANDER W, 1863. Prodromus florae Novo-Granatensis. Lichenes [J]. Ann Sci Nat Bot, sér. 4, 19: 286-382.

    • REDINGER K, 1933. Die Graphidineen der ersten Regnell’schen expedition nach Brasilien 1892-94. I. Glyphis, Medusulina und Sarcographa [J]. Ark Bot, 25A(13): 1-20.

    • REN Q, 2022. Key to the lichen genera of China [J/OL]. J Liaocheng Univ (Nat Sci Ed). https: //doi. org/10. 19728/j. issn1672-6634. 2022010003 [任强, 2022. 中国地衣分属检索表 [J/OL]. 聊城大学学报(自然科学版). https: //doi. org/10. 19728/j. issn1672-6634. 2022010003. ]

    • ROGERSON CT, PFISTER DH, SAYRE G, 1978. Cryptogams of the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856 [M]. Mycologia, 70(6): 1312.

    • SEAWARD MRD, APTROOT A, 2005. Hong Kong lichens collected on the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, 1853-1856 [J]. Bryologist, 108(2): 282-286.

    • SINGH KP, AWASTHI DD, 1978. Two new species and two new combinations in Graphidaceae [J]. Bull Bot Surv Ind, 20(1-4): 136-139.

    • STAIGER B, 2002. Die flechten familie Graphidaceae studien in richtungeiner natürlicheren gliederung [J]. Biblioth Lichenol, 85: 1-526.

    • THROWER SL, 1988. Hong Kong Lichens [M]. Hong Kong: Urban Council: 1-193.

    • WANG-YANG JR, LAI MJ, 1973. A checklist of the lichens of Taiwan [J]. Taiwania, 18(1): 83-104.

    • WEI JC, 2020. An enumeration of lichens in China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 1-606.

    • WEI JC, JIA ZF, WU XL, 2013. An investigation of lichen diversity from Hainan island of China and prospect of the R & D of their resources [J]. J Fung Res, 11(4): 224-238. [魏江春, 贾泽峰, 吴兴亮, 2013. 海南地衣多样性考察及其资源研发前景 [J]. 菌物研究, 11(4): 224-238. ]

    • WIJAYAWARDENE NN, HYDE KD, RAJESHKUMAR KC, et al. , 2017. Notes for genera: Ascomycota [J]. Fung Divers, 86(1): 1-594.

    • WU JN, QIAN ZG, 1989. Lichens [M]//XU BS. Cryptogamic flora of the Yangtze Delta and adjacent regions [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publisher: 158-266. [吴继农, 钱之广, 1989. 地衣 [M]//徐炳升. 长江三角洲及邻近地区孢子植物志 [M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社: 158-266. ]

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1924. Catalogus lichenum universalis. II [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1930. Lichenes (Überscicht über sämtiliche bisher aus China bekannten Flechten). Vol. 3 [M]. Wien: Julius Springer Verlag: 1-254.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1932. Catalogus lichenum universalis. VI [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1933. Flechten der insel Formosa in Feddes, lichenes in Feddes [J]. Repertorium sp. nov. , 31: 194-224.

    • ZAHLBRUCKNER A, 1940. Catalogus lichenum universalis. X [M]. Leipzig: Johnson Reprint Corporarion.