| 引用本文: | 邱彦芬, 高 茜, 杨恩山, 胡永华, 肖再云.橡胶树季风性落叶病胶乳生理响应及防治与停割指标研究[J].广西植物,2026,46(7):1258-1266.[点击复制] |
| QIU Yanfen, GAO Qian, YANG Enshan, HU Yonghua, XIAO Zaiyun.Latex physiological responses to Phytophthora leaf fall disease of rubber trees and indicators for disease control and tapping cessation[J].Guihaia,2026,46(7):1258-1266.[点击复制] |
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| 橡胶树季风性落叶病胶乳生理响应及防治与停割指标研究 |
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邱彦芬1,2, 高 茜1,2, 杨恩山1,2, 胡永华1,2, 肖再云1,2*
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1. 云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室, 云南 景洪 666100;2. 云南省热带作物科学研究所, 云南 景洪 666100
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| 摘要: |
| 季风性落叶病是橡胶树主要病害,近年来在云南植胶区流行且危害不断加剧,给当地橡胶产业造成重大经济损失。针对该病前期零星发生且相关研究基础薄弱的现状,目前尚未建立精准防治指标与感病株停割标准,该研究旨在构建科学的防控指标体系,以期在避免过早防控和停割造成药剂浪费及干胶减产的同时,有效防止由防控滞后造成的橡胶树严重受害。该研究依托橡胶树感病后胶乳生理特性随病程变化的规律,以云南省西双版纳植胶区7个农场及1个乡镇为采样区域,以主栽品种GT1、RRIM600为研究对象,系统采集0～5级病级的胶乳样品,通过测定胶乳中蔗糖、无机磷、硫醇及总固形物含量,分析不同病级植株胶乳生理参数的变化规律。结果表明:(1)随病级升高,胶乳硫醇、蔗糖及总固形物含量显著下降,无机磷含量明显上升,其中仅硫醇含量与病害病程呈极显著负相关。(2)参照前期标准值,RRIM600在病级3时硫醇含量降至0.26 mmol·L-1,GT1在病级4时降至0.35 mmol·L-1,两者均处于偏低水平。综上,胶乳硫醇含量可作为该病防治与感病株停割的核心指标; RRIM600、GT1两个品种的停割阈值分别为0.26 mmol·L-1和0.35 mmol·L-1; 结合该病进展较快的特性,建议RRIM600在病级2(或硫醇含量0.31 mmol·L-1)、GT1在病级3(或硫醇含量0.42 mmol·L-1)时启动防治。该研究将胶乳生理诊断技术引入季风性落叶病防控体系,为其精准防治与科学停割提供了新的技术途径和理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 橡胶树, 季风性落叶病, 胶乳生理参数, 防治阈值, 停割标准 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202511021 |
| 分类号:Q945 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2026)07-1259-08 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32260082); 云南省热作所热带作物科技创新专项(RF2025-9)。 |
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| Latex physiological responses to Phytophthora leaf fall disease of rubber trees and indicators for disease control and tapping cessation |
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QIU Yanfen1,2, GAO Qian1,2, YANG Enshan1,2, HU Yonghua1,2, XIAO Zaiyun1,2*
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1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree, Jinghong 666100,
Yunnan, China;2. Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, Yunnan, China
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| Abstract: |
| Phytophthora leaf fall disease is one of the main diseases affecting rubber trees. In recent years, its prevalence and severity have continued to increase in rubber-growing areas of Yunnan, causing substantial economic losses to the local rubber industry. Because the disease occurs sporadically at the early stage and relevant research remains limited, precise standards for disease control and tapping cessation in infected trees have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a scientific indicator system for disease control and tapping cessation, so as to avoid pesticide waste and dry rubber yield loss caused by premature disease control and tapping cessation, and to prevent severe damage to rubber trees resulting from delayed control measures. Based on the variation patterns of latex physiological characteristics during disease progression, latex samples with disease severity grades 0-5 were systematically collected from seven farms and one township in the rubber-growing area of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. The widely cultivated rubber tree clones GT1 and RRIM600 were selected as the study materials. The contents of sucrose, inorganic phosphorus, thiol, and total solids in latex were determined, and the changes in latex physiological parameters among trees with different disease severity grades were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)With increasing disease severity, the contents of thiol, sucrose, and total solids in latex decreased significantly, whereas inorganic phosphorus content increased markedly. Among these parameters, only thiol content showed an extremely significant negative correlation with disease progression.(2)Based on the standard values determined in the preliminary study, the latex thiol content of RRIM600 decreased to 0.26 mmol·L-1 at disease severity grade 3, while that of GT1 decreased to 0.35 mmol·L-1 at disease severity grade 4; both values were at relatively low levels. In conclusion, latex thiol content can serve as a core indicator for disease control and tapping cessation in infected rubber trees. The tapping-cessation thresholds for RRIM600 and GT1 were determined to be 0.26 mmol·L-1 and 0.35 mmol·L-1, respectively. Considering the rapid progression of this disease, control measures are recommended to be initiated at disease severity grade 2(or when latex thiol content decreases to 0.31 mmol·L-1)for RRIM600, and at disease severity grade 3(or when latex thiol content decreases to 0.42 mmol·L-1)for GT1. This study introduces latex physiological diagnosis into the control system of Phytophthora leaf fall disease and provides new technical approaches and a theoretical basis for precise disease control and scientific tapping cessation. |
| Key words: rubber trees, Phytophthora leaf fall disease, latex physiological parameters, control threshold, tapping cessation standard |
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