药用植物千层塔的基原物种及研究进展

陈思思<sup>1; 2</sup>; 张梦华<sup>1; 2</sup>; 王锦秀<sup>1</sup>; 张宪春<sup>1*</sup>

引用本文:	陈思思, 张梦华, 王锦秀, 张宪春.药用植物千层塔的基原物种及研究进展[J].广西植物,2021,41(11):1794-1809.[点击复制]
	CHEN Sisi, ZHANG Menghua, WANG Jinxiu, ZHANG Xianchun.Original plant and research progress of the medicinal plant Huperzia javanica[J].Guihaia,2021,41(11):1794-1809.[点击复制]

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药用植物千层塔的基原物种及研究进展
陈思思^1,2, 张梦华^1,2, 王锦秀¹, 张宪春^1*
1. 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

摘要:

清代《植物名实图考》中记载的传统草药千层塔,之前被考证为石松科(Lycopodiaceae)石杉属(Huperzia Bernh)植物蛇足石杉(Huperzia serrata)。目前药学研究从中分离出的石杉碱甲,能够高效、高选择、可逆地抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶,减少乙酰胆碱分解,已广泛应用于改善记忆和治疗阿尔茨海默病,引起了世界的广泛关注。该文综述了国内外近40年来有关“蛇足石杉”在系统与分类学、遗传多样性、组学研究、内生真菌、化学成分、资源调查、栽培繁殖和资源保护等方面的研究进展,并从植物分类学研究角度出发,厘清原中国境内分布的蛇足石杉,实应为我国东北地区分布的Huperzia serrata和我国南方分布较广的H. javanica两个物种; 该研究结果显示,《植物名实图考》千层塔的基原,应是我国南方广布的石杉属植物H. javanica。考虑到药用植物和药材名称的稳定,将H. javanica的中文名沿用《植物名实图考》中的“千层塔”,H. serrata的中文名处理为“蛇足石杉”。

关键词: 蛇足石杉, 千层塔, 阿尔茨海默病, 基原物种, 自然资源保护

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202103069

分类号:Q949

文章编号:1000-3142(2021)11-1794-16

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31872651); 国家植物标本资源库项目(E0117G1001)[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31872651); National Plant Specimen Rosource Center Program(E0117G1001)]。

Original plant and research progress of the medicinal plant Huperzia javanica

CHEN Sisi^1,2, ZHANG Menghua^1,2, WANG Jinxiu¹, ZHANG Xianchun^1*

1. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Abstract:

The traditional herbal medicine Qiancengta, recorded in the Iconographia Plantarum written in the Qing Dynasty, was previously verified as Lycopodiaceae, Huperzia Bernh, Huperzia serrata. Huperzine A(HupA), isolated from Qiancengta during pharmaceutical research, can effectively, highly selectively and reversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase and reduce the decomposition of acetylcholine. It has been widely used to enhance memory and treat Alzheimer's disease, attracting worldwide attention. This research reviews the latest research progress of these precious medicinal plants in the past 40 years, including systematics, genetic diversity, omics research, endophytic fungi, chemical constituents, resource investigation, cultivation and propagation and natural resource conservation. From the perspective of taxonomy, H. serrata in China includes actually two species: H. javanica in South China and H. serrata in Northeast China. The former is the botanical origin recorded in Iconographia Plantarum. Taking into account the stability of the names of medicinal plants and materials, this research propose that the Chinese name of H. javanica follows “Qiancengta” in Iconographia Plantarum and H. serrata follows “Shezushishan”.

Key words: Huperzia serrata, H. javanica, Alzheimer's disease, original plant, natural resource conservation